Pediatric Nursing Final Exam Comprehensive Questions with Correct Answers. (100% Verified)

Pediatric Nursing Final Exam Comprehensive Questions with Correct Answers. (100% Verified) _____ vaccination dramatically decreases the incidence of epiglottis - ANSWER-HIB .1 - 24 months S/S of UTI - ANSWER-failure to fain weight, poor feeding, pallor, fever, persistent diaper rash .1-2 year old RR - ANSWER-25-35 .18 month old, which statement means further eval of developmental delay - ANSWER-stand but not stepping .2-5 yo RR - ANSWER-25-30 .a student can return to play when he is - ANSWER--symptom free for 24 hours - off all meds (for concussion) -can attend a full day of school and at full workload .ACEs are linked to - ANSWER-obesity diabetes depression suicide attempts STDs heart disease cancer stroke fractures .acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli .Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSG - ANSWER-Autoimmune disease of glomerulus following a Group A strep infection occurs 5-12 days after infection most common in 6-7 yo .addison (s/s) - ANSWER- .ALL prognostic factors - ANSWER-- 1-9 yo WBC <10,000 MRD in first month Female gender .anticholinergic - ANSWER-Blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses, reduce muscle constriction in airway .aortic stenosis - ANSWER-acyanotic crusty ass aortic valve --> pulmonary congestion S/S: faint pulses, tachycardia, hypotension, poor feedings tx: balloon dilation .APSG nursing management - ANSWER-- manage edema - nutrition (low sodium, low to moderate protein) .Asthma Diagnosis - ANSWER-Impairment = frequency, intensity, and functional limitations Risk = likelihood of exacerbation and decrease lung function and growth .Asthma Symptoms - ANSWER-Nighttime awakenings Frequency of SABA use for quick relief of symptoms Work/school days missed Ability to engage in normal daily activities or in desired activities Quality-of-life assessments .Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANSWER-chronic inflammation of the skin; rash occurs in face, neck , elbows, knees, and upper trunk of the body along with itching .atopy - ANSWER-hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma .atrial septal defect - ANSWER-ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix -acyanotic -asymptomatic? tx: surgical patch closure or nonsurgical with device in cath lab .basal rate - ANSWER-background insulin needed .beta thalessemia - ANSWER-never symptomatic at birth because of the presence of HbF, but symptoms begin to develop by six months of age .beta thalessemia (complications) - ANSWER-- poor growth - skeletal abnormalities - jaundice - multiple blood transfusions leads to iron overload -splenomegaly - thromboembolic events .biggest challenge to asthma - ANSWER-smonking / juuling .biliary atresia - ANSWER-obstruction of bile duct leads to liver scarring .biliary atresia (s/s) - ANSWER-prolonged jaundice (2 weeks of life) .bone marrow transplant can cure - ANSWER-beta thalessemia .by 6 months - ANSWER-an infant should sit w/ no support .Cardiac Catherization - ANSWER-thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery .catarrhal phase - ANSWER-in pertussis, initial phase lasting 1 to 2 weeks and characterized by signs and symptoms resembling those of a common cold .celiac disease - ANSWER-steatorrhea/ chronic diarrhea general malnutrition/ failure to thrive abdominal distension secondary vitamin deficiencies, fatigue .cerebral palsy - ANSWER-permanent, non-progressive, disorder of movement that is attributed to a period of hypoxia .CF dx - ANSWER-sweat test - Cl concentraiation >60mEq/L (gold standard) .CF Nutrition - ANSWER-Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency -> malabsorption -> poor weight gain .CF w/ MRSA - ANSWER-contact precautions .CFRD - ANSWER-Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Post prandial hyperglycemia occurs first Characterized by both insulin and glucagon deficiency .chief solute in extracellular fluid - ANSWER-sodium .Child 2-14 years - ANSWER-poor appetite, growth failure, HTN .Chron's disease - ANSWER-chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract anywhere from mouth to anus .chronic causes of diarrhea in children - ANSWER-malabsorption syndromes, inflammatory bowel disease, food allergy, lactose intolerance. Excessive intake of sugars/ sweeteners .chronic constipation and unresponsive to dietary/ activity measures? - ANSWER-osmotic laxative .chronic nonspecific (irritable colon) - ANSWER-greater than two weeks with loose stools w/ undigested food. no evidence of malnutrition or blood in stool .club foot - ANSWER-A birth defect in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position. tx: gradual casting (ponsetti method) to change alignment .coarctation of the aorta - ANSWER-high blood pressure and bounding pulses in the arms, weak pulses in lower extremities surgery or stents for older infants .compartment syndrome - ANSWER-involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles .Complication of Wilm's Tumor - ANSWER--pulmonary pneumonitis -DM of unknown etiology -weight loss requiring GT -several episodes of fever/ neutropenia -septic shock .complications of obstructive uropathy - ANSWER-Urinary tract obstruction, pyelonephritis, urosepsis Renal failure Hypertension Nephrolithiasis .congenital defects - ANSWER-after prematurity, are major cause of death in 1st year of life .Congenital Heart Disease (causes) - ANSWER-Maternal illness/ drug use = 1-2% chromosomal/ genetic = 10-12% multifactoral = 85% .consider pertussis for - ANSWER-Cough illness lasting >1 week with whoop, paroxysms, post-tussive vomiting Prolonged cough > 2 week in the absence of a more likely diagnosis anyone with close contact .convalescent phase - ANSWER-gradual recovery, less persistent cough .croup - ANSWER-an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough .cryptorchidism - ANSWER-undescended testicles .cystic fibrosis - ANSWER-An exocrine/ genetic disorder that is present at birth and effects all mucus production .Developmental Assessments - ANSWER-ASQ, MCHAT .developmental dysplasia of the hip - ANSWER-abnormal development of the hip joint found that is congenital Sx: fat rolls asymmetrical, abnormal leg length, AROM limited Dx through exam (Barlow and Ortalani) and US (always done with breech birth) .developmental dysplasia of the hip tx - ANSWER-pavlik harnesss: keeps femoral head in acetabulum in flexion .diabetes insipidus (s/s) newborn - ANSWER-vomiting, fever, failure to thrive, hypernatremia copious amounts of dilute urine growth retardation .Diabetic Ketoacidosis - ANSWER-- 3 p's -abdomminal pain - kussmaul breathing - changes in mental status - blood glucose over 250 - ph less than 7.3 - urine ketones -blood ketones - insulin - fluids -K .diarrhea tx - ANSWER-assessment of fluid/ e imbalance rehydration reintroduction of adequate diet continue breast milk stool losses 1:1 with ORT