Summary Distinguish test (Organic chemistry).pdf for Class 12th

DISTINCTION TEST IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
DISTINCTION TEST
Name Distinction Between Reagent Detection Remarks
Lucas Test 10, 20 and 30 alcohols Conc. HCl, Anhyd. AlCl3 30 – immediate turbidity OH Hatao Cl lagao
20 - turbidity after 5-10 min.
10 - No turbidity
AgNO3 Test Haloalkanes and Haloarenes AgNO3 AgCl (white ppt) Cl hatao, NO2 lagao
Tollen’s Test Aldehydes and Ketones [Ag(NH3)2] (Alkaline medium)
+ Silver Mirror (Ag) Aldehyde + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → RCOO⁻ + Ag￬
But Ketone + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → X


Fehling’s Aldehydes and Ketones 2Cu2+ 4OH- Red Brown PPT (Cu2O)
Test (Aromatic Aldehyde also)



Iodoform Aldehyde & Ketone having NaOH + I2 (Yellow ppt), CHI3 CH3CO- + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow ppt)
Test minimum one CH3 group CH3CHOH + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow
ppt)

NaHCO3 Test RCOOH & Phenol NaHCO3 CO2 RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + CO2
RCOOH & Ester
2,4 DNP Test either RCHO or Ketone Orange Red




Bayer’s Test Double or triple bond Br2 / H2O Decolourise C- + Br2(Red) → -C(Br)-C(Br)
present in straight chain (Colourless)


Azo-Dye Test Aliphatic and Aromatic NaNO2, HCl β-napthol, Orange dye
10 Amines (insoluble in water)




Junaid ( Junnu’s Bhaiya )
DTU, Delhi