NSG-316 Exam 1 Questions All Solutions
Verified Update
ABCDE - Answer- ✔✔Helps identify early signs of melanoma
A: asymmetry
B: border
- Scalping, ragged edges
C: color
- areas of brown, tan, white, red
D: diameter
- greeted than 6 cm
E: elevation and enlargement
Tinia Capitus - Answer- ✔✔Involves the scalp causing scaling, pruritus, and balding
areas
Tinea pedis - Answer- ✔✔chronic fungal infection of the foot
Candidiasis - Answer- ✔✔fungal infection found on the skin, mucous membranes, and
vagina
Edema - Answer- ✔✔Excessive fluid accumulation within the interstitial spaces
Turgor - Answer- ✔✔decreased skin elasticity as a result from dehydration
Vesicle - Answer- ✔✔elevated, circumscribed lesion filled with fluid, less than 1 cm - (as
the result of varicella)
Tumor - Answer- ✔✔Elevated, solid lesion, treated than 2 cm in diameter
Bulla - Answer- ✔✔vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter (blister)
Wheal - Answer- ✔✔elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema (urticaria)
Keloids - Answer- ✔✔Irregularly shaped, elevated scar
Skin turgor - Answer- ✔✔How - sign of fluid loss
Why - diarrhea and vomiting
Normal - skin snaps rapidly back to its normal position
,Abnormal - poor turgor or "tenting" indicates dehydration especially combined with
delayed capillary refill and tachypnea. Also occurs with malnutrition. Skin with poor
turgor takes time to return to its normal position
Normal nail findings - Answer- ✔✔Smooth, pink, 160 degrees
Abnormal nail findings - Answer- ✔✔Brittle, ridged, or spoon-shaped (kiolonychia) ->
iron deficiency; splinter hemorrhages -> vitamin C deficiency; clubbing -> heart or
respiratory problems
Capillary refill - Answer- ✔✔How - with the index or middle fingertip at heart level,
depress the nail edge at least 5 seconds to blanch and then release
Why - indicates the status of the peripheral circulation
Normal - normally color returns instantly or within a few seconds in a cold environment.
A healthy color return takes 1-2 seconds
Abnormal - cyanotic nail beds or sluggish color return; consider cardiovascular or
respiratory dysfunction, septic shock
Primary lesions - Answer- ✔✔Macules
Papules
Patches
Plaques
Nodules
Wheals
Tumors
Urticaria
Vesicles
Cysts
Bullas
Pustules
How to assess skin lesions - Answer- ✔✔Note the color, elevation (flat, raised, or
pedunculated), pattern or shape (grouping or distinctiveness of each lesion) → pattern
may be a sign of a disease, size in cm, location and distribution on body (generalized or
localized?), any exudate → note color and odor
Palpate lesions → roll a nodule between the thumb and index finger to assess depth
Gently scrape scale to see if it comes off → note the nature of the base and note if it
bleeds
Note skin temp
, Note if lesions blanch with pressure or stretch
Use magnifier and light for closer inspection
Use Wood's light to detect fluorescing lesions → with the room darkened, shine the
Wood's light on the area
Lesions that appear with blue-green fluorescent indicates fungal infection
Macules - Answer- ✔✔solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm.
ex: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever
Edema - definition and scale - Answer- ✔✔Edema - fluid accumulating in the interstitial
space; it is not present normally.
To check for edema, imprint your thumbs firmly for 3-4 seconds against the ankle
malleolus or the tibia
If pressure leaves dent on the skin → "pitting" edema
Masks normal skin color and obscures pathologic conditions such as jaundice or
cyanosis bc fluid lies between the surface and the pigmented and vascular layers
Scale:
1+ → mild, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling
2+ → moderate, indentation subsides rapidly
3+ → deep, indentation remains for short time, appears swollen
4+ → very deep, indentation lasts long time, appears very swollen
Papules - Answer- ✔✔papules - something you can feel (i.e.) solid, elevated,
circumscribed, less than 1cm diameter) caused by superficial thiening in epidermis.
ex. elevated nevus (moles), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca)
Patches - Answer- ✔✔macules that are longer than 1 cm
ex: mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash
Plaques - Answer- ✔✔Plaques coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A
plateau like, disk-shape lesion
ex. psoriasis, lichen planus
Nodules - Answer- ✔✔solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend
deeper into the dermis than papule
Verified Update
ABCDE - Answer- ✔✔Helps identify early signs of melanoma
A: asymmetry
B: border
- Scalping, ragged edges
C: color
- areas of brown, tan, white, red
D: diameter
- greeted than 6 cm
E: elevation and enlargement
Tinia Capitus - Answer- ✔✔Involves the scalp causing scaling, pruritus, and balding
areas
Tinea pedis - Answer- ✔✔chronic fungal infection of the foot
Candidiasis - Answer- ✔✔fungal infection found on the skin, mucous membranes, and
vagina
Edema - Answer- ✔✔Excessive fluid accumulation within the interstitial spaces
Turgor - Answer- ✔✔decreased skin elasticity as a result from dehydration
Vesicle - Answer- ✔✔elevated, circumscribed lesion filled with fluid, less than 1 cm - (as
the result of varicella)
Tumor - Answer- ✔✔Elevated, solid lesion, treated than 2 cm in diameter
Bulla - Answer- ✔✔vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter (blister)
Wheal - Answer- ✔✔elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema (urticaria)
Keloids - Answer- ✔✔Irregularly shaped, elevated scar
Skin turgor - Answer- ✔✔How - sign of fluid loss
Why - diarrhea and vomiting
Normal - skin snaps rapidly back to its normal position
,Abnormal - poor turgor or "tenting" indicates dehydration especially combined with
delayed capillary refill and tachypnea. Also occurs with malnutrition. Skin with poor
turgor takes time to return to its normal position
Normal nail findings - Answer- ✔✔Smooth, pink, 160 degrees
Abnormal nail findings - Answer- ✔✔Brittle, ridged, or spoon-shaped (kiolonychia) ->
iron deficiency; splinter hemorrhages -> vitamin C deficiency; clubbing -> heart or
respiratory problems
Capillary refill - Answer- ✔✔How - with the index or middle fingertip at heart level,
depress the nail edge at least 5 seconds to blanch and then release
Why - indicates the status of the peripheral circulation
Normal - normally color returns instantly or within a few seconds in a cold environment.
A healthy color return takes 1-2 seconds
Abnormal - cyanotic nail beds or sluggish color return; consider cardiovascular or
respiratory dysfunction, septic shock
Primary lesions - Answer- ✔✔Macules
Papules
Patches
Plaques
Nodules
Wheals
Tumors
Urticaria
Vesicles
Cysts
Bullas
Pustules
How to assess skin lesions - Answer- ✔✔Note the color, elevation (flat, raised, or
pedunculated), pattern or shape (grouping or distinctiveness of each lesion) → pattern
may be a sign of a disease, size in cm, location and distribution on body (generalized or
localized?), any exudate → note color and odor
Palpate lesions → roll a nodule between the thumb and index finger to assess depth
Gently scrape scale to see if it comes off → note the nature of the base and note if it
bleeds
Note skin temp
, Note if lesions blanch with pressure or stretch
Use magnifier and light for closer inspection
Use Wood's light to detect fluorescing lesions → with the room darkened, shine the
Wood's light on the area
Lesions that appear with blue-green fluorescent indicates fungal infection
Macules - Answer- ✔✔solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm.
ex: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever
Edema - definition and scale - Answer- ✔✔Edema - fluid accumulating in the interstitial
space; it is not present normally.
To check for edema, imprint your thumbs firmly for 3-4 seconds against the ankle
malleolus or the tibia
If pressure leaves dent on the skin → "pitting" edema
Masks normal skin color and obscures pathologic conditions such as jaundice or
cyanosis bc fluid lies between the surface and the pigmented and vascular layers
Scale:
1+ → mild, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling
2+ → moderate, indentation subsides rapidly
3+ → deep, indentation remains for short time, appears swollen
4+ → very deep, indentation lasts long time, appears very swollen
Papules - Answer- ✔✔papules - something you can feel (i.e.) solid, elevated,
circumscribed, less than 1cm diameter) caused by superficial thiening in epidermis.
ex. elevated nevus (moles), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca)
Patches - Answer- ✔✔macules that are longer than 1 cm
ex: mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash
Plaques - Answer- ✔✔Plaques coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A
plateau like, disk-shape lesion
ex. psoriasis, lichen planus
Nodules - Answer- ✔✔solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend
deeper into the dermis than papule
