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NSG 502 Exam 5 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers (100% Correct Answers)
/Already Graded A+
The Endocrine system is _____ developed at birth than any other body system
Ans: less
Hormonal control is poorly regulated until ___________ months of age
Ans: 12-18
manifestations of underdeveloped endocrine system in newborns/infants
Ans: - poor hormone regulation
imbalances in:
- concentration of fluids
- electrolytes
- amino acids
- glucose
- trace substances
how are endocrine abnormalities detected in pediatrics?
Ans: - Accurate anthropometric measurement and growth plots
- Often manifest as failure-to-thrive and/or developmental delay
growth hormone deficiency
Ans: Inadequate production or secretion of GH causing poor growth & short stature
growth hormone deficiency incidence
Ans: 1/3480 children in the US
growth hormone deficiency etiology
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Ans: - Hypopituitarism
- Brain tumor (pituitary gland)
- Cranial irradiation
growth hormone deficiency clinical manifestations
Ans: - Height less than 5th percentile
- Growth rate less than 2 SD from mean for age
- Immature face
- Delayed puberty
- Hypoglycemia
- Diminished muscle mass
- Deficiencies in other hormones
growth hormone deficiency diagnostic studies
Ans: - Serial growth measurements using consistent equipment
- Bone age evaluation
- Complete metabolic laboratory analysis
- 2 positive GH levels that indicate deficiency
growth hormone deficiency therapeutic management
Ans: - Biosynthetic replacement GH
- SQ injection (usually specialty pen)
- Best administered at bedtime
percocious puberty
Ans: - Puberty before the age of 8 years in females & 9 years in males HOWEVER...
- Workup justified in Caucasian girls under 7 and African-American girls under 6
percocious puberty incidence/etiology
Ans: - More frequently in females
- Most are idiopathic etiology
- CNS lesions or trauma
- Adrenal, ovarian, testicular tumors
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- Partial effects seen with some medications
percocious puberty clinical manifestations
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Ans: - Demonstration of secondary sexual characteristics before the ages of 7 or 8
depending on gender (also consider race)
- Rapid bone growth
- Early growth plate fusion
- Short stature
- Psychological effects
percocious puberty therapeutic management
Ans: Administration of GnRH agonist (Lupron) injection every 4-12 weeks
percocious puberty treatment goals
Ans: - Stop the development of secondary sexual characteristics
- Maximize adult height (may require GH)
percocious puberty psychosocial considerations
Ans: - Mental/Chronological age vs Age of appearance
- Dress, peer relationships education
congenital hypothyroidism etiology
Ans: *thyroid dysgenesis*
- absent, underdeveloped, ectopic thyroid gland
- Mechanism largely unknown
- most common
*biochemical defects in thyroid hormone production*
*hypothalamic-pituitary hypothyroidism*
- rarest
infant transient hypothyroidism etiology
Ans: - Maternal intake of medications such as propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Transfer of maternal antibodies
infant hypothyroidism manifestations
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Ans: - Skin mottling/coldness to touch
- Large fontanel
- Large tongue
- Hypotonia
- Slow reflexes
- Prolonged jaundice
- Hoarse cry
- Excessive sleeping
infant hypothyroidism diagnosis
Ans: Routine neonatal screening mandatory in all 50 states
infant hypothyroidism therapeutic management
Ans: - Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement (Levothyroxine)
- Detailed medication education
- Dose titrated to maintain TSH in normal range & T4 in the upper half of the normal range
infant hypothyroidism nursing considerations
Ans: - Close follow-up to adjust for growth
- Developmental screening
- Parental education/support
Acquired Hypothyroidism (children, commonly adolescents; also adults)
pathophysiology
Ans: - Circulating autoantibodies bind at pituitary TSH receptor sites resulting in decreased
thyroid hormone production
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis a common cause
Acquired Hypothyroidism considerations
Ans: - In contrast to congenital hypothyroidism, acquired hypothyroidism after 2 to 3 years
of age is often reversible
- Hypothyroid more common in women than men
Acquired Hypothyroidism manifestations
Click here for more: Preppass - Stuvia
NSG 502 Exam 5 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers (100% Correct Answers)
/Already Graded A+
The Endocrine system is _____ developed at birth than any other body system
Ans: less
Hormonal control is poorly regulated until ___________ months of age
Ans: 12-18
manifestations of underdeveloped endocrine system in newborns/infants
Ans: - poor hormone regulation
imbalances in:
- concentration of fluids
- electrolytes
- amino acids
- glucose
- trace substances
how are endocrine abnormalities detected in pediatrics?
Ans: - Accurate anthropometric measurement and growth plots
- Often manifest as failure-to-thrive and/or developmental delay
growth hormone deficiency
Ans: Inadequate production or secretion of GH causing poor growth & short stature
growth hormone deficiency incidence
Ans: 1/3480 children in the US
growth hormone deficiency etiology
,Page | 2
Click here for more: Preppass - Stuvia
Ans: - Hypopituitarism
- Brain tumor (pituitary gland)
- Cranial irradiation
growth hormone deficiency clinical manifestations
Ans: - Height less than 5th percentile
- Growth rate less than 2 SD from mean for age
- Immature face
- Delayed puberty
- Hypoglycemia
- Diminished muscle mass
- Deficiencies in other hormones
growth hormone deficiency diagnostic studies
Ans: - Serial growth measurements using consistent equipment
- Bone age evaluation
- Complete metabolic laboratory analysis
- 2 positive GH levels that indicate deficiency
growth hormone deficiency therapeutic management
Ans: - Biosynthetic replacement GH
- SQ injection (usually specialty pen)
- Best administered at bedtime
percocious puberty
Ans: - Puberty before the age of 8 years in females & 9 years in males HOWEVER...
- Workup justified in Caucasian girls under 7 and African-American girls under 6
percocious puberty incidence/etiology
Ans: - More frequently in females
- Most are idiopathic etiology
- CNS lesions or trauma
- Adrenal, ovarian, testicular tumors
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- Partial effects seen with some medications
percocious puberty clinical manifestations
,Page | 3
Click here for more: Preppass - Stuvia
Ans: - Demonstration of secondary sexual characteristics before the ages of 7 or 8
depending on gender (also consider race)
- Rapid bone growth
- Early growth plate fusion
- Short stature
- Psychological effects
percocious puberty therapeutic management
Ans: Administration of GnRH agonist (Lupron) injection every 4-12 weeks
percocious puberty treatment goals
Ans: - Stop the development of secondary sexual characteristics
- Maximize adult height (may require GH)
percocious puberty psychosocial considerations
Ans: - Mental/Chronological age vs Age of appearance
- Dress, peer relationships education
congenital hypothyroidism etiology
Ans: *thyroid dysgenesis*
- absent, underdeveloped, ectopic thyroid gland
- Mechanism largely unknown
- most common
*biochemical defects in thyroid hormone production*
*hypothalamic-pituitary hypothyroidism*
- rarest
infant transient hypothyroidism etiology
Ans: - Maternal intake of medications such as propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Transfer of maternal antibodies
infant hypothyroidism manifestations
, Page | 4
Click here for more: Preppass - Stuvia
Ans: - Skin mottling/coldness to touch
- Large fontanel
- Large tongue
- Hypotonia
- Slow reflexes
- Prolonged jaundice
- Hoarse cry
- Excessive sleeping
infant hypothyroidism diagnosis
Ans: Routine neonatal screening mandatory in all 50 states
infant hypothyroidism therapeutic management
Ans: - Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement (Levothyroxine)
- Detailed medication education
- Dose titrated to maintain TSH in normal range & T4 in the upper half of the normal range
infant hypothyroidism nursing considerations
Ans: - Close follow-up to adjust for growth
- Developmental screening
- Parental education/support
Acquired Hypothyroidism (children, commonly adolescents; also adults)
pathophysiology
Ans: - Circulating autoantibodies bind at pituitary TSH receptor sites resulting in decreased
thyroid hormone production
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis a common cause
Acquired Hypothyroidism considerations
Ans: - In contrast to congenital hypothyroidism, acquired hypothyroidism after 2 to 3 years
of age is often reversible
- Hypothyroid more common in women than men
Acquired Hypothyroidism manifestations
