RST 230 UIUC EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Prejudice ANSW✅✅A negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person
perceived to be a member of that group (Ashmore, 1976). A preconceived opinion or attitude which
is formed without due consideration of the facts. It is not based on scientific proof or rational
thought process (Yu, 1987).
Discrimination ANSW✅✅The translation into consequential behavior of prejudicial beliefs (Tumin,
1973). Discrimination occurs when the object of prejudice is placed at some disadvantage not
merited by his own misconduct. Actions or practices carried out by members of the dominant racial
or ethnic groups that have a differential and negative impact on members of a subordinate racial or
ethnic groups.
Theories of discrimination ANSW✅✅Two classes of explanations for discrimination:
1. Prejudice -> Discrimination
2. Discrimination without prejudice
displacement/scapegoat theory ANSW✅✅Take out their bad day on someone else if they can't
express it
authoritarian personality theory ANSW✅✅people who see things in black and white
categorization and stereotyping theory ANSW✅✅Categorization is a process in which an
individual is identified as a member of an outgroup and treated as if the characteristics of the
outgroup applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to stereotyping which can be a direct
cause of prejudice acquisition
socialization and conformity theory ANSW✅✅no one is born racist, pick up on what's shown
around them by parents, friends, siblings, family members, teachers, etc
perceived racial threat (self interest) theory ANSW✅✅no real threat, just perceived/hypothetical
because they're afraid of losing their way of life
, contact theory ANSW✅✅people develop prejudices against those whom they don't know
because they have never had equal status so friendship contact with them
value systems/cultural norms and ideologies theory ANSW✅✅systemic racism essentially
realistic conflict theory ANSW✅✅not just a hypothetical threat, fighting over scarcity of resources
with another group, a black guy a Hispanic guy and a white guy all apply for the job and when one of
them gets it the other two say he got the job because of his race
segregation ANSW✅✅Separation or isolation of a group or an individual in a restricted area by
discriminatory means. Segregation results in members of the group, or an individual, receiving
treatment that is different from other people.
stigma ANSW✅✅undesired differentness which separates the person from others in a society. EX:
mental illness, stutter, acne, weight
Core and secondary dimensions of diversity ANSW✅✅Core: traits you are born with that are
impossible or very difficult to change. These include mental/physical ability, sexual identify, age,
gender, race/ethnicity, first language.
Secondary: Social class, education, work style, communication style, organizational role and level,
geographic location, work experience, religion.
Needs and barriers experienced by multicultural customers ANSW✅✅Consumer racism (receiving
substandard service in establishments because of their race or ethnicity), employees who are not at
ease, impatient/are frustrated with multicultural customers.
Products and Policies that have not been developed with multicultural customers in mind. Example,
a shoe company that only markets towards Americans and has American sizes.
Inclusion ANSW✅✅cultural characteristic whereby that culture is characterized by attitudes and
behaviors that are open and accepting of all people. Used to capture a sense of belonging, value,
and respect. One of the reasons people become defensive and angry when talking about inclusion
and diversity issues is because they feel blamed.
Antecedent of beliefs ANSW✅✅Conditions that set the stage for beliefs to develop. Could be
influences like parents, media, siblings, neighbors, teachers, clergy, government, books, etc.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Prejudice ANSW✅✅A negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person
perceived to be a member of that group (Ashmore, 1976). A preconceived opinion or attitude which
is formed without due consideration of the facts. It is not based on scientific proof or rational
thought process (Yu, 1987).
Discrimination ANSW✅✅The translation into consequential behavior of prejudicial beliefs (Tumin,
1973). Discrimination occurs when the object of prejudice is placed at some disadvantage not
merited by his own misconduct. Actions or practices carried out by members of the dominant racial
or ethnic groups that have a differential and negative impact on members of a subordinate racial or
ethnic groups.
Theories of discrimination ANSW✅✅Two classes of explanations for discrimination:
1. Prejudice -> Discrimination
2. Discrimination without prejudice
displacement/scapegoat theory ANSW✅✅Take out their bad day on someone else if they can't
express it
authoritarian personality theory ANSW✅✅people who see things in black and white
categorization and stereotyping theory ANSW✅✅Categorization is a process in which an
individual is identified as a member of an outgroup and treated as if the characteristics of the
outgroup applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to stereotyping which can be a direct
cause of prejudice acquisition
socialization and conformity theory ANSW✅✅no one is born racist, pick up on what's shown
around them by parents, friends, siblings, family members, teachers, etc
perceived racial threat (self interest) theory ANSW✅✅no real threat, just perceived/hypothetical
because they're afraid of losing their way of life
, contact theory ANSW✅✅people develop prejudices against those whom they don't know
because they have never had equal status so friendship contact with them
value systems/cultural norms and ideologies theory ANSW✅✅systemic racism essentially
realistic conflict theory ANSW✅✅not just a hypothetical threat, fighting over scarcity of resources
with another group, a black guy a Hispanic guy and a white guy all apply for the job and when one of
them gets it the other two say he got the job because of his race
segregation ANSW✅✅Separation or isolation of a group or an individual in a restricted area by
discriminatory means. Segregation results in members of the group, or an individual, receiving
treatment that is different from other people.
stigma ANSW✅✅undesired differentness which separates the person from others in a society. EX:
mental illness, stutter, acne, weight
Core and secondary dimensions of diversity ANSW✅✅Core: traits you are born with that are
impossible or very difficult to change. These include mental/physical ability, sexual identify, age,
gender, race/ethnicity, first language.
Secondary: Social class, education, work style, communication style, organizational role and level,
geographic location, work experience, religion.
Needs and barriers experienced by multicultural customers ANSW✅✅Consumer racism (receiving
substandard service in establishments because of their race or ethnicity), employees who are not at
ease, impatient/are frustrated with multicultural customers.
Products and Policies that have not been developed with multicultural customers in mind. Example,
a shoe company that only markets towards Americans and has American sizes.
Inclusion ANSW✅✅cultural characteristic whereby that culture is characterized by attitudes and
behaviors that are open and accepting of all people. Used to capture a sense of belonging, value,
and respect. One of the reasons people become defensive and angry when talking about inclusion
and diversity issues is because they feel blamed.
Antecedent of beliefs ANSW✅✅Conditions that set the stage for beliefs to develop. Could be
influences like parents, media, siblings, neighbors, teachers, clergy, government, books, etc.
