NUSCTX 11, Final - UC Berkeley Questions
and Answers 100% Solved
Test for tumor development, pathology
Other Tests Genotoxicity
Reproductive toxicity
On-Target Toxicity Toxic effect due to the drug interacting with the intended therapeutic
target
Off-Target Toxicity Toxic effect due to the drug interacting with an unintended biological
target or unintended tissue
Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions Drug reactions that occur rarely and unpedictably
Idiopathic Drug Reactions Cause unknown
, On- and Off-Target Toxicities Nearly 2 million patients in the US are affected by adverse
drug reactions
Results in approximately 100,000 fatalities, making adverse drug reactions the fourth leading
cause of death in the US, not far behind cancer and heart disease
Increase in safety requirements by the FDA have led to decreasing number of drug approvals and
an increase in late drug discovery stage attrition rate
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs All inhibit cyclooxygenases type 1 and 2 (COX1
and COX2) and reduce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and
thromboxanes.
Nonselective COX1/COX2 inhibitors increase risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, because
prostaglandins help to maintain the gut mucosal protective barrier (due to COX1 inhibition)
Rosiglitazone Prescribed as an insulin sensitizer for diabetics by binding to PPAR
receptors in fat cells
Found to increase risk of heart attacks
and Answers 100% Solved
Test for tumor development, pathology
Other Tests Genotoxicity
Reproductive toxicity
On-Target Toxicity Toxic effect due to the drug interacting with the intended therapeutic
target
Off-Target Toxicity Toxic effect due to the drug interacting with an unintended biological
target or unintended tissue
Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions Drug reactions that occur rarely and unpedictably
Idiopathic Drug Reactions Cause unknown
, On- and Off-Target Toxicities Nearly 2 million patients in the US are affected by adverse
drug reactions
Results in approximately 100,000 fatalities, making adverse drug reactions the fourth leading
cause of death in the US, not far behind cancer and heart disease
Increase in safety requirements by the FDA have led to decreasing number of drug approvals and
an increase in late drug discovery stage attrition rate
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs All inhibit cyclooxygenases type 1 and 2 (COX1
and COX2) and reduce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and
thromboxanes.
Nonselective COX1/COX2 inhibitors increase risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, because
prostaglandins help to maintain the gut mucosal protective barrier (due to COX1 inhibition)
Rosiglitazone Prescribed as an insulin sensitizer for diabetics by binding to PPAR
receptors in fat cells
Found to increase risk of heart attacks
