UCLA Final Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Assessment of respiratory distress - ✔✔- difficulty breathing
- increased respiratory rate/effort
- increased muscle use
- nasal flaring
- difficulty breathing in complete sentences
- upright/tripod postions
- increased pulse rate (Tachycardia)
- increased breathing rate (Tachypnea)
Assessment of respiratory failure - ✔✔- requires immediate positive pressure
ventilations
- altered mental status
- loss of muscle tone
- obstruction of upper/lower airway
positive pressure ventilation (BVM) - ✔✔- no breathing
- breathing is to slow/shallow
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,- exceed 28 breaths/fewer than 8 breaths
- acute pulmonary edema and unconscious
* do not place on supplemental O2 via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask unless
patient is conscious and able to tolerate
Administer supplemental O2 - ✔✔- patients in respiratory distress
- pulse oximetry not available and patients with mild or moderate respiratory distress
should receive O2 via nasal cannula
- 94-98% normal O2 saturation
- 88-92% COPD patients
Non-rebreather mask - ✔✔- impending respiratory failure or actual respiratory failure,
who are unable to tolerate positive-pressure ventilations
- suspected or confirmed exposure to toxins
- patients with a traumatic brain injury
Nasal cannula - ✔✔- initial treatment for patients with mild/moderate respiratory
distress
- patient vomiting
- patients who need O2 but can't tolerate mask
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,High-flow O2 via non-rebreather mask - ✔✔- severe respiratory distress
- shock
- poor tissue perfusion
- CO2 poisoning
- traumatic brain injury
- diving emergencies
Hypoxia - ✔✔- insufficient O2 delivery to the body cells which may lead to organ
ischemia and eventually death
- signs/symptoms
- increased respiratory rate
- increased HR
- changes in level of consciousness
- restlessness
- irritability
- cyanosis
Respiratory rates - ✔✔Adult: 12-20
Child: 15-30
Infant: 25-50
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, Snoring breath sounds - ✔✔- upper airway obstruction, usually caused by the tongue or
foreign body
Wheezing breath sounds - ✔✔- obstruction or narrowing of lower airways
Wheezing - ✔✔- high pitched, whistling sound, most heard on expiration
Crackles - ✔✔- wet, crackling breath sounds, heard on both inhale and exhale
- may indicate fluid in lungs
Rhonchi - ✔✔- mucus in the lungs
- low pitched noisy sound on exhale
- reports productive cough
Stridor - ✔✔- upper airway obstruction
- neck/upper part of chest
- high pitched sound on inhale and exhale
Epiglottitis - ✔✔- bacterial infection of the epiglottis
- stridor (late sign)
- sore throat
- high fever
- tripod postion
- drooling
- common cold
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Answers 100% Pass
Assessment of respiratory distress - ✔✔- difficulty breathing
- increased respiratory rate/effort
- increased muscle use
- nasal flaring
- difficulty breathing in complete sentences
- upright/tripod postions
- increased pulse rate (Tachycardia)
- increased breathing rate (Tachypnea)
Assessment of respiratory failure - ✔✔- requires immediate positive pressure
ventilations
- altered mental status
- loss of muscle tone
- obstruction of upper/lower airway
positive pressure ventilation (BVM) - ✔✔- no breathing
- breathing is to slow/shallow
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY BRITTIE DONALD, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,- exceed 28 breaths/fewer than 8 breaths
- acute pulmonary edema and unconscious
* do not place on supplemental O2 via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask unless
patient is conscious and able to tolerate
Administer supplemental O2 - ✔✔- patients in respiratory distress
- pulse oximetry not available and patients with mild or moderate respiratory distress
should receive O2 via nasal cannula
- 94-98% normal O2 saturation
- 88-92% COPD patients
Non-rebreather mask - ✔✔- impending respiratory failure or actual respiratory failure,
who are unable to tolerate positive-pressure ventilations
- suspected or confirmed exposure to toxins
- patients with a traumatic brain injury
Nasal cannula - ✔✔- initial treatment for patients with mild/moderate respiratory
distress
- patient vomiting
- patients who need O2 but can't tolerate mask
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY BRITTIE DONALD, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,High-flow O2 via non-rebreather mask - ✔✔- severe respiratory distress
- shock
- poor tissue perfusion
- CO2 poisoning
- traumatic brain injury
- diving emergencies
Hypoxia - ✔✔- insufficient O2 delivery to the body cells which may lead to organ
ischemia and eventually death
- signs/symptoms
- increased respiratory rate
- increased HR
- changes in level of consciousness
- restlessness
- irritability
- cyanosis
Respiratory rates - ✔✔Adult: 12-20
Child: 15-30
Infant: 25-50
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY BRITTIE DONALD, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Snoring breath sounds - ✔✔- upper airway obstruction, usually caused by the tongue or
foreign body
Wheezing breath sounds - ✔✔- obstruction or narrowing of lower airways
Wheezing - ✔✔- high pitched, whistling sound, most heard on expiration
Crackles - ✔✔- wet, crackling breath sounds, heard on both inhale and exhale
- may indicate fluid in lungs
Rhonchi - ✔✔- mucus in the lungs
- low pitched noisy sound on exhale
- reports productive cough
Stridor - ✔✔- upper airway obstruction
- neck/upper part of chest
- high pitched sound on inhale and exhale
Epiglottitis - ✔✔- bacterial infection of the epiglottis
- stridor (late sign)
- sore throat
- high fever
- tripod postion
- drooling
- common cold
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY BRITTIE DONALD, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
