BCHM 4360 Exam II QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A +
What are the three steps of transcription? - ANSWERS-initiation, elongation, termination
True or False: The transcription bubble is just as big as the replication bubble. - ANSWERS-False,
replication bubble is much larger because it requires two machines at once.
When does transcription officially start? - ANSWERS-when RNA Polymerase binds to the
promoter
What is the first base to be transcribed known as and how is it denoted? - ANSWERS-the
transcription start site (TSS) and +1
Which direction is RNA transcribed in? - ANSWERS-5' to 3'
On RNA, bases 3' of a site are __________ while bases 5' of a site are _________. - ANSWERS-
downstream, upstream
When the RNA is a sufficient size, the RNA Polymerase moves past the ________ and changes
____________ to be more stably associated with the DNA. - ANSWERS-promoter, conformation
How does the RNA Polymerase maintain the transcription bubble along the DNA? - ANSWERS-
unwinds the DNA ahead of the bubble and the DNA re-pairs behind the enzyme
,Elongation continues until the polymerase meets a DNA sequence called a __________. -
ANSWERS-terminator
What are the three additional types of enzymes besides RNA Polymerase that are required in
eukaryotic transcription? - ANSWERS-1. Nucleosome remodeling enzymes
2. Histone chaperones
3. Enzymes that reversibly modify histone proteins
What does RNA Polymerase I typically transcribe? - ANSWERS-large rRNA genes
What does RNA Polymerase II typically transcribe? - ANSWERS-mRNA genes
What does RNA Polymerase III typically transcribe? - ANSWERS-tRNA and 5S rRNA
True or False: Bacteria and archaea have multiple RNA Polymerases just like eukaryotes, they
just have different kinds. - ANSWERS-False, bacteria and archaea only have a single RNA
Polymerase.
True or False: All RNA Polymerases have a core enzyme that catalyzes RNA synthesis, but this
cannot act alone and relies on extra proteins. - ANSWERS-True
Bacteria are _______ than eukaryotes and thus operate mainly on _____ factors. - ANSWERS-
simpler, sigma
Which domain has the smallest RNA Polymerase and approximately what size is it? - ANSWERS-
Bacteria, 400kD
, How many subunits are in the bacterial RNA Polymerase? - ANSWERS-5
What shape do bacterial RNA Polymerase subunits assemble into? - ANSWERS-jaw-like lobes
Between Pol I, II, and III, which subunits are common? - ANSWERS-Rbp5, 6, 8, 10, and 12
What is an additional function of RNA Polymerase II? - ANSWERS-couples transcription to
processing of RNA transcript
True or False: RNA core sequences can synthesize RNA, but cannot recognize promoter
sequences. - ANSWERS-True
What does the core bacterial enzyme require in order to recognize promoter sequences? -
ANSWERS-Sigma factor
Core polymerase (bacteria) + sigma factor =___________ - ANSWERS-holoenzyme
Bacterial promoters generally have which two elements? - ANSWERS--35 and -10
Are the -35 and -10 elements upstream or downstream of the TSS? - ANSWERS-upstream
Why would having two contact points for sigma factors be beneficial to transcription? -
ANSWERS-Makes a much more stable process than if just one contact point
What is the main difference between the many bacterial sigma factors? - ANSWERS-Each has a
preferred binding sequence and preferred spacing between the -35 and -10 elements
DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A +
What are the three steps of transcription? - ANSWERS-initiation, elongation, termination
True or False: The transcription bubble is just as big as the replication bubble. - ANSWERS-False,
replication bubble is much larger because it requires two machines at once.
When does transcription officially start? - ANSWERS-when RNA Polymerase binds to the
promoter
What is the first base to be transcribed known as and how is it denoted? - ANSWERS-the
transcription start site (TSS) and +1
Which direction is RNA transcribed in? - ANSWERS-5' to 3'
On RNA, bases 3' of a site are __________ while bases 5' of a site are _________. - ANSWERS-
downstream, upstream
When the RNA is a sufficient size, the RNA Polymerase moves past the ________ and changes
____________ to be more stably associated with the DNA. - ANSWERS-promoter, conformation
How does the RNA Polymerase maintain the transcription bubble along the DNA? - ANSWERS-
unwinds the DNA ahead of the bubble and the DNA re-pairs behind the enzyme
,Elongation continues until the polymerase meets a DNA sequence called a __________. -
ANSWERS-terminator
What are the three additional types of enzymes besides RNA Polymerase that are required in
eukaryotic transcription? - ANSWERS-1. Nucleosome remodeling enzymes
2. Histone chaperones
3. Enzymes that reversibly modify histone proteins
What does RNA Polymerase I typically transcribe? - ANSWERS-large rRNA genes
What does RNA Polymerase II typically transcribe? - ANSWERS-mRNA genes
What does RNA Polymerase III typically transcribe? - ANSWERS-tRNA and 5S rRNA
True or False: Bacteria and archaea have multiple RNA Polymerases just like eukaryotes, they
just have different kinds. - ANSWERS-False, bacteria and archaea only have a single RNA
Polymerase.
True or False: All RNA Polymerases have a core enzyme that catalyzes RNA synthesis, but this
cannot act alone and relies on extra proteins. - ANSWERS-True
Bacteria are _______ than eukaryotes and thus operate mainly on _____ factors. - ANSWERS-
simpler, sigma
Which domain has the smallest RNA Polymerase and approximately what size is it? - ANSWERS-
Bacteria, 400kD
, How many subunits are in the bacterial RNA Polymerase? - ANSWERS-5
What shape do bacterial RNA Polymerase subunits assemble into? - ANSWERS-jaw-like lobes
Between Pol I, II, and III, which subunits are common? - ANSWERS-Rbp5, 6, 8, 10, and 12
What is an additional function of RNA Polymerase II? - ANSWERS-couples transcription to
processing of RNA transcript
True or False: RNA core sequences can synthesize RNA, but cannot recognize promoter
sequences. - ANSWERS-True
What does the core bacterial enzyme require in order to recognize promoter sequences? -
ANSWERS-Sigma factor
Core polymerase (bacteria) + sigma factor =___________ - ANSWERS-holoenzyme
Bacterial promoters generally have which two elements? - ANSWERS--35 and -10
Are the -35 and -10 elements upstream or downstream of the TSS? - ANSWERS-upstream
Why would having two contact points for sigma factors be beneficial to transcription? -
ANSWERS-Makes a much more stable process than if just one contact point
What is the main difference between the many bacterial sigma factors? - ANSWERS-Each has a
preferred binding sequence and preferred spacing between the -35 and -10 elements
