N441 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Graded
A+
What are the 2 types of epidemiology? Descriptive: who, where, when (looks at person,
place, and time)
Analytic: how, why
Used to discover the determinants of the outcomes that were discovered through descriptive
epidemiology
The "How" and "Why"
Utilize various measures of association
Study designs:
Cohort
Case-Control
Cross-Sectional
Ecological
,Experimental Analytic epidemiology
Person: demographics (race, sex, age, education, occupation, income, marital status)
Place: differences in the chemical, physical, or biological environment; differences in population
densities, or in customary patters of behavior and lifestyle, or in other personal characteristics
Time:
•Secular changes - long term patterns of morbidity or mortality
•Point epidemic - a sharp peak in occurrence of the condition over a short period of time
•Cyclical patterns - seasonal changes Descriptive epidemiology
proportion of a disease or other health-related event within a population at a certain point in time;
makes information comparable rates
What are rates composed of? Numerator = # of occurrences of health event
Denominator = total population at risk
, Constant = multiple of 10
Specification of person, place, and time
How to determine crude mortality rates # of deaths during 1 year/midyear total
population (constant)
How to determine infant mortality rates # of deaths of infants under 1 year of age in a
year/# of live births in the same year (constant)
Morbidity rate (attack rate) proportion of persons who are exposed to an agent and
develop the disease
total # of people ill in a period of time/total # of people exposed in the same period of time
(constant)
all new cases of a health event appearing during a given period of time (new cases)
incidence
A+
What are the 2 types of epidemiology? Descriptive: who, where, when (looks at person,
place, and time)
Analytic: how, why
Used to discover the determinants of the outcomes that were discovered through descriptive
epidemiology
The "How" and "Why"
Utilize various measures of association
Study designs:
Cohort
Case-Control
Cross-Sectional
Ecological
,Experimental Analytic epidemiology
Person: demographics (race, sex, age, education, occupation, income, marital status)
Place: differences in the chemical, physical, or biological environment; differences in population
densities, or in customary patters of behavior and lifestyle, or in other personal characteristics
Time:
•Secular changes - long term patterns of morbidity or mortality
•Point epidemic - a sharp peak in occurrence of the condition over a short period of time
•Cyclical patterns - seasonal changes Descriptive epidemiology
proportion of a disease or other health-related event within a population at a certain point in time;
makes information comparable rates
What are rates composed of? Numerator = # of occurrences of health event
Denominator = total population at risk
, Constant = multiple of 10
Specification of person, place, and time
How to determine crude mortality rates # of deaths during 1 year/midyear total
population (constant)
How to determine infant mortality rates # of deaths of infants under 1 year of age in a
year/# of live births in the same year (constant)
Morbidity rate (attack rate) proportion of persons who are exposed to an agent and
develop the disease
total # of people ill in a period of time/total # of people exposed in the same period of time
(constant)
all new cases of a health event appearing during a given period of time (new cases)
incidence
