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Expert Power Power that derives from the skills or expertise that an individual possesses.
Referent Power Power that derives when others identify with a person who has desirable
resources or personal traits and comply solely on that basis.
Cognitive Biases Biases in the human mind that lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate
judgment, or illogical interpretation.
360 Review Opinions about an employee's performance that are solicited from several
sources.
Management by Objectives A performance evaluation method in which the employee and
supervisor work together to set clear and attainable goals and develop a plan for achieving those
goals.
, Intrinsic Motivation A force that causes an individual to initiate an activity for its own
sake, because it is interesting and satisfying.
Extrinsic Motivation A force that causes an individual to pursue an activity to obtain an
external goal.
Expectancy Theory The strength of an individual's tendency to act in a certain way
depends on the strength of the individual's expectation that the act will be followed by an
attractive outcome.
Global-Setting Theory Giving employees specific goals that are challenging, yet
attainable, along with feedback on their progress towards these goals, enhances motivation.
Self-Determination Theory Proposes that individuals prefer to feel like they are in charge
of their work rather than they do work to obtain goals imposed on them by authority.
Cognitive Evaluation Theory Providing extrinsic rewards for behavior that had been
previously intrinsically rewarded tends to decrease the overall level of motivation if the rewards
are seen as controlling or coercive.