HEARTCODE BLS CPR ONLINE COURSE REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is the chain of survival?
- Activtiation of Emergency Response
- High Quality CPR
- Defibrillation
- Advanced Resuscitation
- Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
- Recovery
How do you find/feel the carotid pulse?
- locate the trachea (on the side closest to you), using 2 or 3 fingers
- slide those fingers into the grooved between the trachea and the muscles at the side
of the neck, where you can feel the carotid pulse
- feel for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds; if you do not definitely feel
a pulse, begin CPR
To make compressions as effective as possible:
- place the victim on a firm, flat surface (such as a floor or backboard)
- push hard and fast at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute to a depth of at least 2 inches
- place your hands on the lower half of the breastbone
- allow chest to completely recoil; do not lean on the chest
- limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds
Feedback devices can monitor CPR and provide real-time feedback for aspects
such as:
Rate, depth, and recoil
How to open the airway for breaths:
Step 1: place one hand on the victim's forehead, and push with your palm to tilt the
head back
Step 2: place fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw, near the
chin
Step 3: lift the jaw to bring the chin forward
, How to Use a Pocket Mask:
Step 1: position yourself at the victim's side; place the pocket mask on the victim's face,
using the bridge of the nose as a guide for correct positioning
Step 2: seal the mask against the face; using your hand that is closer to the top of the
victim's head, place your index finger and thumb along the top edges of the mask; place
the thumb of your other hand along the bottom edge of the mask
Step 3: place the remaining fingers of your second hand along the bony margin of the
jaw and lift the jaw; perform a head tilt—chin lift to open the airway
Step 4: while you lift the jaw, press firmly and completely around the outside edge of the
mask to seal the pocket mask against the face
Step 5: deliver each breath over 1 second, enough to make the victim's chest rise
What is a bag-mask device?
- this is used to provide positive-pressure ventilation to a victim who is not breathing or
not breathing normally
- it consists of a bag attached to a face mask and may include a one way valve
- it provides about 21% oxygen from air when not connected to supplemental oxygen
How do you use a bag mask device?
Step 1: place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for
correct position
Step 2: use the E-C Clamp technique by performing a head tilt, placing the mask on the
face with the narrow portion at the bridge of the nose, using the thumb and index finger
of one hand to make a "C" on the side of the mask by pressing the edges of the mask to
the face, and using the remaining fingers to lift the angles of the jaw and opening the
airway before pressing the face to the mask
Step 3: squeeze the bag to give breaths while watching for chest rise; deliver each
breath over one second
- If there are two rescuers, rescuer one should be positioned directly above the victim to
open the airway and position the bag-mask device, while rescuer two should be
positioned at the victim's side to squeeze the bag
Why AED is needed:
- most sudden cardiac arrests are triggered by abnormal heart rhythms called
arrhythmias; two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulse
less ventricular tachycardia (pVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), where the heart's
electrical impulses suddenly become chaotic and ineffective
- death usually follows these unless a normal heart rhythm and pulse are restored within
minutes
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is the chain of survival?
- Activtiation of Emergency Response
- High Quality CPR
- Defibrillation
- Advanced Resuscitation
- Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
- Recovery
How do you find/feel the carotid pulse?
- locate the trachea (on the side closest to you), using 2 or 3 fingers
- slide those fingers into the grooved between the trachea and the muscles at the side
of the neck, where you can feel the carotid pulse
- feel for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds; if you do not definitely feel
a pulse, begin CPR
To make compressions as effective as possible:
- place the victim on a firm, flat surface (such as a floor or backboard)
- push hard and fast at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute to a depth of at least 2 inches
- place your hands on the lower half of the breastbone
- allow chest to completely recoil; do not lean on the chest
- limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds
Feedback devices can monitor CPR and provide real-time feedback for aspects
such as:
Rate, depth, and recoil
How to open the airway for breaths:
Step 1: place one hand on the victim's forehead, and push with your palm to tilt the
head back
Step 2: place fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw, near the
chin
Step 3: lift the jaw to bring the chin forward
, How to Use a Pocket Mask:
Step 1: position yourself at the victim's side; place the pocket mask on the victim's face,
using the bridge of the nose as a guide for correct positioning
Step 2: seal the mask against the face; using your hand that is closer to the top of the
victim's head, place your index finger and thumb along the top edges of the mask; place
the thumb of your other hand along the bottom edge of the mask
Step 3: place the remaining fingers of your second hand along the bony margin of the
jaw and lift the jaw; perform a head tilt—chin lift to open the airway
Step 4: while you lift the jaw, press firmly and completely around the outside edge of the
mask to seal the pocket mask against the face
Step 5: deliver each breath over 1 second, enough to make the victim's chest rise
What is a bag-mask device?
- this is used to provide positive-pressure ventilation to a victim who is not breathing or
not breathing normally
- it consists of a bag attached to a face mask and may include a one way valve
- it provides about 21% oxygen from air when not connected to supplemental oxygen
How do you use a bag mask device?
Step 1: place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for
correct position
Step 2: use the E-C Clamp technique by performing a head tilt, placing the mask on the
face with the narrow portion at the bridge of the nose, using the thumb and index finger
of one hand to make a "C" on the side of the mask by pressing the edges of the mask to
the face, and using the remaining fingers to lift the angles of the jaw and opening the
airway before pressing the face to the mask
Step 3: squeeze the bag to give breaths while watching for chest rise; deliver each
breath over one second
- If there are two rescuers, rescuer one should be positioned directly above the victim to
open the airway and position the bag-mask device, while rescuer two should be
positioned at the victim's side to squeeze the bag
Why AED is needed:
- most sudden cardiac arrests are triggered by abnormal heart rhythms called
arrhythmias; two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulse
less ventricular tachycardia (pVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), where the heart's
electrical impulses suddenly become chaotic and ineffective
- death usually follows these unless a normal heart rhythm and pulse are restored within
minutes
