NU435 CH26 EXAM LATEST
UPDATE A+ GRADED
what are the essential functions of the respiratory system? (4) - ANSWER -Ventilation
-Oxygenation
-Removal of waste gases
-Protection of airway from harm, infections
what is the ROS of the respiratory assessment?(6) - ANSWER -cough
-wheeze
-cyanosis
-chest pain
-sputum production
-halitosis
what is part of the observation of respiratory assessment(5) - ANSWER oRate
oDepth
oEase
oRhythm
oLabored breathing
what is part of the auscultation of respiratory assessment(2) - ANSWER oLung sounds
oAir exchange
what are the associated observations?(6)
what is monitored(3) - ANSWER -Retractions
-Nasal flaring
-Head bobbing
-Noisy breathing
,-Grunting
-Color change
--
-O2 saturation
-ETCO2 monitoring
-Transcutaneous monitoring CO2
what are the anatomical differences in childhood associated w/ the respiratory system?
(4) - ANSWER -smaller nasopharynx, easily occluded during infection
-lymph tissue grows rapidly in early childhood, atrophies after age 12
-small oral cavity and large tongue increase risk of obstruction
-long, floppy epiglottis vulnerable to swelling w/ resulting obstruction
what are the anatomical differences in childhood associated w/ the respiratory system?
(part 2)(4) - ANSWER -larynx and glottis are higher in neck, increasing risk of aspiration
-because thyroid, cricoid, and tracheal cartilages are immature, they may easily
collapse when neck is flexed
-because fewer muscles are functional in the airway, it is less able to compensate for
edema, spasm, and trauma
-large amounts of soft tissue and loosely anchored mucous membranes lining the airway
name the stages where these lung development periods occur:
1-alveolar development
2-high respiratory rate
3-increasing lung volume - ANSWER 1-newborn (0-2 mos) to young child (2-6yrs)
2-newborn (0-2 mos) to infant/toddler (2mos-2yrs)
3-young child (2-6yrs) to adolescent (12-18yrs)
name the air pollution risks that occur during the stage:
1-newborn to infant/toddler
2-young child to adolescent (3)
3-school age to adolescent
4-infant/toddler - ANSWER 1-respiratory death
, 2-chronic cough and bronchitis
-reduced lung function
-wheezing and asthma attacks
3-respiratory related school absences
4-respiratory symptoms and illnesses
what are differences between the upper airway of a child and an adult? (6) - ANSWER
-tongue larger in proportion to mouth
-pharynx is smaller
-epiglottis is larger and floppier
-larynx is more anterior and superior
-narrowest at cricoid
-trachea narrow and less rigid
what is significant about respiratory infections? - ANSWER -very common in childhood
-infectious agents (mainly by viruses)
-characteristics vary by age
-size based on anatomical differeces
-resistance
-seasonal variations
what are the clinical manifestations in infants/ young children?(10) - ANSWER -Fevers
-Meningismus
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Abdominal pain
-Nasal congestion / rhinorrhea
-Cough
-Respiratory sounds
UPDATE A+ GRADED
what are the essential functions of the respiratory system? (4) - ANSWER -Ventilation
-Oxygenation
-Removal of waste gases
-Protection of airway from harm, infections
what is the ROS of the respiratory assessment?(6) - ANSWER -cough
-wheeze
-cyanosis
-chest pain
-sputum production
-halitosis
what is part of the observation of respiratory assessment(5) - ANSWER oRate
oDepth
oEase
oRhythm
oLabored breathing
what is part of the auscultation of respiratory assessment(2) - ANSWER oLung sounds
oAir exchange
what are the associated observations?(6)
what is monitored(3) - ANSWER -Retractions
-Nasal flaring
-Head bobbing
-Noisy breathing
,-Grunting
-Color change
--
-O2 saturation
-ETCO2 monitoring
-Transcutaneous monitoring CO2
what are the anatomical differences in childhood associated w/ the respiratory system?
(4) - ANSWER -smaller nasopharynx, easily occluded during infection
-lymph tissue grows rapidly in early childhood, atrophies after age 12
-small oral cavity and large tongue increase risk of obstruction
-long, floppy epiglottis vulnerable to swelling w/ resulting obstruction
what are the anatomical differences in childhood associated w/ the respiratory system?
(part 2)(4) - ANSWER -larynx and glottis are higher in neck, increasing risk of aspiration
-because thyroid, cricoid, and tracheal cartilages are immature, they may easily
collapse when neck is flexed
-because fewer muscles are functional in the airway, it is less able to compensate for
edema, spasm, and trauma
-large amounts of soft tissue and loosely anchored mucous membranes lining the airway
name the stages where these lung development periods occur:
1-alveolar development
2-high respiratory rate
3-increasing lung volume - ANSWER 1-newborn (0-2 mos) to young child (2-6yrs)
2-newborn (0-2 mos) to infant/toddler (2mos-2yrs)
3-young child (2-6yrs) to adolescent (12-18yrs)
name the air pollution risks that occur during the stage:
1-newborn to infant/toddler
2-young child to adolescent (3)
3-school age to adolescent
4-infant/toddler - ANSWER 1-respiratory death
, 2-chronic cough and bronchitis
-reduced lung function
-wheezing and asthma attacks
3-respiratory related school absences
4-respiratory symptoms and illnesses
what are differences between the upper airway of a child and an adult? (6) - ANSWER
-tongue larger in proportion to mouth
-pharynx is smaller
-epiglottis is larger and floppier
-larynx is more anterior and superior
-narrowest at cricoid
-trachea narrow and less rigid
what is significant about respiratory infections? - ANSWER -very common in childhood
-infectious agents (mainly by viruses)
-characteristics vary by age
-size based on anatomical differeces
-resistance
-seasonal variations
what are the clinical manifestations in infants/ young children?(10) - ANSWER -Fevers
-Meningismus
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Abdominal pain
-Nasal congestion / rhinorrhea
-Cough
-Respiratory sounds
