NU 435 Pediatric Exam 1 Questions With
Verified Answers
Chapter 01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing - ANSWER e.
1. What is the major cause of death for children in the United States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Injuries
d. Congenital anomalies - ANSWER c. Injuries
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after
age 1 year through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those
younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease
cause a
significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
2. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, "What is meant by family-centered
care?" The
nurse should respond with which statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child's life.
d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
process. - ANSWER c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in
a child's life.
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and
support. Familycentered
care recognizes the family as the constant in the child's life. The family should be
enabled and empowered to work with the health care system and is expected to be part
,of the
decision-making process. The nurse should also support the family's cultural diversity,
not reduce
its effect.
3. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as
which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child's health and family situation - ANSWER
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective
interventions; and
questioning the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on the integration
of the best
research evidence combined with clinical expertise and patient values.
4. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school
program
about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the
teaching?
a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of
fluorinated water.
d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be
diagnosed in adolescents. - ANSWER a. Childhood obesity is the most common
nutritional problem among children.
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the
nurse should
include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem
among
,children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent
obesity is
important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the child's race and
ethnicity; dental
caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health
problems are
seen in children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.
5. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the
nurse
plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there
is not time for it to be effective. - ANSWER c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice
to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child,
a choice of
juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control.
The preschool
child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures
would increase
anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures,
minimizing stress.
Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should plan
to use the
prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
6. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse-patient-family relationship?
a. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient.
, b. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
c. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain patient.
d. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family's
dependence on health care providers. - ANSWER b. During shift report, the nurse is
criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
ANS: B
Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is nontherapeutic and shows an under
involvement with the parents. Reading a fairy tale is a therapeutic and age-appropriate
action.
Discussing feelings of an emotional draw with a fellow nurse is therapeutic and shows a
willingness to understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on
health care
providers is therapeutic and helps to empower the family.
7. The nurse is aware that which age-group is at risk for childhood injury because of the
cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent - ANSWER a. Preschool
ANS: A
Preschool children have the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking,
meaning
they are unable to comprehend danger to self or others. Young and middle school-aged
children
have transitional cognitive processes, and they may attempt dangerous acts without
detailed
planning but recognize danger to themselves or others. Adolescents have formal
operational
cognitive processes and are preoccupied with abstract thinking.
8. The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries.
Verified Answers
Chapter 01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing - ANSWER e.
1. What is the major cause of death for children in the United States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Injuries
d. Congenital anomalies - ANSWER c. Injuries
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after
age 1 year through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those
younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease
cause a
significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
2. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, "What is meant by family-centered
care?" The
nurse should respond with which statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child's life.
d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
process. - ANSWER c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in
a child's life.
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and
support. Familycentered
care recognizes the family as the constant in the child's life. The family should be
enabled and empowered to work with the health care system and is expected to be part
,of the
decision-making process. The nurse should also support the family's cultural diversity,
not reduce
its effect.
3. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as
which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child's health and family situation - ANSWER
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective
interventions; and
questioning the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on the integration
of the best
research evidence combined with clinical expertise and patient values.
4. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school
program
about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the
teaching?
a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of
fluorinated water.
d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be
diagnosed in adolescents. - ANSWER a. Childhood obesity is the most common
nutritional problem among children.
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the
nurse should
include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem
among
,children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent
obesity is
important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the child's race and
ethnicity; dental
caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health
problems are
seen in children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.
5. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the
nurse
plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there
is not time for it to be effective. - ANSWER c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice
to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child,
a choice of
juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control.
The preschool
child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures
would increase
anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures,
minimizing stress.
Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should plan
to use the
prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
6. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse-patient-family relationship?
a. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient.
, b. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
c. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain patient.
d. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family's
dependence on health care providers. - ANSWER b. During shift report, the nurse is
criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
ANS: B
Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is nontherapeutic and shows an under
involvement with the parents. Reading a fairy tale is a therapeutic and age-appropriate
action.
Discussing feelings of an emotional draw with a fellow nurse is therapeutic and shows a
willingness to understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on
health care
providers is therapeutic and helps to empower the family.
7. The nurse is aware that which age-group is at risk for childhood injury because of the
cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent - ANSWER a. Preschool
ANS: A
Preschool children have the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking,
meaning
they are unable to comprehend danger to self or others. Young and middle school-aged
children
have transitional cognitive processes, and they may attempt dangerous acts without
detailed
planning but recognize danger to themselves or others. Adolescents have formal
operational
cognitive processes and are preoccupied with abstract thinking.
8. The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries.
