Immunity NCLEX style EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
BRAND NEW!!!
How does your immune system know which cells to attack and which cells are part of
your own body? - Answers - ✔✔Your immune system can recognize cells based on the
proteins present on the surface of cells. Viruses, bacteria, and other foreign cells are
recognized as being different from your own cells and are attacked by your immune
system. Sometimes, one of your own cells changes, or mutates, giving the cell the
ability to multiply continuously. Such mutations often are the cause of cancer. Your
immune system has the ability to recognize mutated cells and attack them before they
can grow into a tumor.
The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who has a splenectomy. Which
statement does the nurse include in this client's teaching plan?
a. "Avoid crowds and people who are sick."
b. "Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables."
c. "Avoid environmental allergens."
d. "Do not play contact sports." - Answers - ✔✔ANS: A
The spleen is the major site of B-lymphocyte maturation and antibody production. Those
who undergo splenectomies for any reason have a decreased antibody-mediated
immune response and are particularly susceptible to viral infections. Eating raw fruits
and vegetables places the client at risk for bacterial infections. The body responds to
environmental allergens with an unspecific inflammatory process. The client is not at
risk for bleeding or injury due to contact sports.
The nurse notes that the client has a "left shift of their wbc count" which lab result
supports this conclusion? - Answers - ✔✔The bands outnumber of segmented
neutrophils.
A nurse has educated a client on an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen). What statement
by the client indicates additional instruction is needed?
a. "I don't need to go to the hospital after using it."
b. "I must carry two EpiPens with me at all times."
c. "I will write the expiration date on my calendar."
d. "This can be injected right through my clothes." - Answers - ✔✔ANS: A
Clients should be instructed to call 911 and go to the hospital for monitoring after using
the EpiPen. The other statements show good understanding of this treatment.
,What is a left shift? - Answers - ✔✔An increase in neutrophil precursors (eg, band cells,
metamyelocytes) with or without neutrophilia, usually from infection or inflammation
Which manifestations or processes of inflammation are caused specifically by blood
vessel dilation?
a. Increased production and migration of leukocytes
b. Phagocytosis and fever
c. Warmth and redness
d. Swelling and pain
e. None of above - Answers - ✔✔ANS: C
Dilated blood vessels increase blood flow to an area, leading to increased warmth and
color in that area. Dilation alone does not result in swelling. Swelling results from
increased capillary permeability.
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide complete protection
against infection?
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microorganisms.
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by inflammation alone.
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause serious tissue damage.
d. The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same time that
inflammatory processes are active.
e. None of above - Answers - ✔✔ANS: B
The cells that provide the protection of inflammation, the neutrophils and the
macrophages, have no "memory" to aid them in mounting a faster or stronger response
to an invading microorganism upon repeated or subsequent exposure. Without
antibody-mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity to augment the inflammatory
response, humans remain susceptible to reinfection by the same microorganism over
and over again.
- Answers - ✔✔
Which cell types provide protective responses during inflammation?
a. Macrophages and neutrophils
b. Erythrocytes and platelets
c. Eosinophils and basophils
d. Natural killer cells - Answers - ✔✔A Macrophages and neutrophils initiate and
complete phagocytosis against invading microorganisms, providing the body with
protection against infection. Natural killer cells are not particularly active during
inflammation. Eosinophils and basophils are responsible for vascular changes, not
protection. Erythrocytes and platelets have no direct roles in inflammation.
Which condition or health problem demonstrates inflammation without invasion?
a. Allergic rhinitis
b. Viral hepatitis
c. Osteoarthritis
d. Cellulitis
, e. None of above - Answers - ✔✔C
Osteoarthritis is a "wear and tear" disorder that mechanically causes tissue damage. All
the other disorders represent invasion by non-self proteins such as pollens, viruses, and
bacteria.
Which of the following phrases BEST describes the inflammatory process?
a. The body's response to an infectious process.
b. An abnormal event that accompanies selected disease processes.
c. A normal body response to cell and tissue injury and death.
d. A disease process that is accompanied by fever. - Answers - ✔✔c. A normal body
response to cell and tissue injury and death.
Edema occurs in inflammation due to:
Constriction of small veins in the surrounding area.
Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Increased phagocytic action of white blood cells.
Concentration of injurious agents. - Answers - ✔✔Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Vasodilation resulting in redness at the site of injury is primarily due to the bodies:
a. Cellular response to cell injury
b. Vascular response to cell injury
c. Humeral immunity
d. Cell mediated immunity - Answers - ✔✔b. Vascular response to cell injury
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide complete protection
against infection?
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microorganisms.
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by inflammation alone.
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause serious tissue damage.
d. The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same time inflammatory
processes are active. - Answers - ✔✔b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is
generated by inflammation alone.
The nurse assesses a surgical patient the morning of the first postoperative day. Signs
of a local inflammatory response that the nurse EXPECTS to find include:
Slight redness and heat of the incision. Leukocytosis with elevated monocytes. Pain and
serous drainage of the incision. Fever and increased pulse and respiratory rate. -
Answers - ✔✔Slight redness and heat of the incision.
Which medications are able to directly limit the inflammatory response based on their
mechanism of action?
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Prednisone
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
BRAND NEW!!!
How does your immune system know which cells to attack and which cells are part of
your own body? - Answers - ✔✔Your immune system can recognize cells based on the
proteins present on the surface of cells. Viruses, bacteria, and other foreign cells are
recognized as being different from your own cells and are attacked by your immune
system. Sometimes, one of your own cells changes, or mutates, giving the cell the
ability to multiply continuously. Such mutations often are the cause of cancer. Your
immune system has the ability to recognize mutated cells and attack them before they
can grow into a tumor.
The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who has a splenectomy. Which
statement does the nurse include in this client's teaching plan?
a. "Avoid crowds and people who are sick."
b. "Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables."
c. "Avoid environmental allergens."
d. "Do not play contact sports." - Answers - ✔✔ANS: A
The spleen is the major site of B-lymphocyte maturation and antibody production. Those
who undergo splenectomies for any reason have a decreased antibody-mediated
immune response and are particularly susceptible to viral infections. Eating raw fruits
and vegetables places the client at risk for bacterial infections. The body responds to
environmental allergens with an unspecific inflammatory process. The client is not at
risk for bleeding or injury due to contact sports.
The nurse notes that the client has a "left shift of their wbc count" which lab result
supports this conclusion? - Answers - ✔✔The bands outnumber of segmented
neutrophils.
A nurse has educated a client on an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen). What statement
by the client indicates additional instruction is needed?
a. "I don't need to go to the hospital after using it."
b. "I must carry two EpiPens with me at all times."
c. "I will write the expiration date on my calendar."
d. "This can be injected right through my clothes." - Answers - ✔✔ANS: A
Clients should be instructed to call 911 and go to the hospital for monitoring after using
the EpiPen. The other statements show good understanding of this treatment.
,What is a left shift? - Answers - ✔✔An increase in neutrophil precursors (eg, band cells,
metamyelocytes) with or without neutrophilia, usually from infection or inflammation
Which manifestations or processes of inflammation are caused specifically by blood
vessel dilation?
a. Increased production and migration of leukocytes
b. Phagocytosis and fever
c. Warmth and redness
d. Swelling and pain
e. None of above - Answers - ✔✔ANS: C
Dilated blood vessels increase blood flow to an area, leading to increased warmth and
color in that area. Dilation alone does not result in swelling. Swelling results from
increased capillary permeability.
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide complete protection
against infection?
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microorganisms.
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by inflammation alone.
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause serious tissue damage.
d. The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same time that
inflammatory processes are active.
e. None of above - Answers - ✔✔ANS: B
The cells that provide the protection of inflammation, the neutrophils and the
macrophages, have no "memory" to aid them in mounting a faster or stronger response
to an invading microorganism upon repeated or subsequent exposure. Without
antibody-mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity to augment the inflammatory
response, humans remain susceptible to reinfection by the same microorganism over
and over again.
- Answers - ✔✔
Which cell types provide protective responses during inflammation?
a. Macrophages and neutrophils
b. Erythrocytes and platelets
c. Eosinophils and basophils
d. Natural killer cells - Answers - ✔✔A Macrophages and neutrophils initiate and
complete phagocytosis against invading microorganisms, providing the body with
protection against infection. Natural killer cells are not particularly active during
inflammation. Eosinophils and basophils are responsible for vascular changes, not
protection. Erythrocytes and platelets have no direct roles in inflammation.
Which condition or health problem demonstrates inflammation without invasion?
a. Allergic rhinitis
b. Viral hepatitis
c. Osteoarthritis
d. Cellulitis
, e. None of above - Answers - ✔✔C
Osteoarthritis is a "wear and tear" disorder that mechanically causes tissue damage. All
the other disorders represent invasion by non-self proteins such as pollens, viruses, and
bacteria.
Which of the following phrases BEST describes the inflammatory process?
a. The body's response to an infectious process.
b. An abnormal event that accompanies selected disease processes.
c. A normal body response to cell and tissue injury and death.
d. A disease process that is accompanied by fever. - Answers - ✔✔c. A normal body
response to cell and tissue injury and death.
Edema occurs in inflammation due to:
Constriction of small veins in the surrounding area.
Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Increased phagocytic action of white blood cells.
Concentration of injurious agents. - Answers - ✔✔Leakage of plasma from capillaries.
Vasodilation resulting in redness at the site of injury is primarily due to the bodies:
a. Cellular response to cell injury
b. Vascular response to cell injury
c. Humeral immunity
d. Cell mediated immunity - Answers - ✔✔b. Vascular response to cell injury
Why is the inflammatory response alone insufficient to provide complete protection
against infection?
a. It only responds to tissue injury and not to invasion by microorganisms.
b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is generated by inflammation alone.
c. When the inflammatory response is prolonged, it can cause serious tissue damage.
d. The body is not capable of synthesizing antibodies at the same time inflammatory
processes are active. - Answers - ✔✔b. It is nonspecific and no long-lasting immunity is
generated by inflammation alone.
The nurse assesses a surgical patient the morning of the first postoperative day. Signs
of a local inflammatory response that the nurse EXPECTS to find include:
Slight redness and heat of the incision. Leukocytosis with elevated monocytes. Pain and
serous drainage of the incision. Fever and increased pulse and respiratory rate. -
Answers - ✔✔Slight redness and heat of the incision.
Which medications are able to directly limit the inflammatory response based on their
mechanism of action?
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Prednisone
