BIO 202 - Exam 5
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1. What does obligate mean?: Required or by necessity
2. True or False: Virsues are not obligate intracellular parasites.: False
3. How do viruses replicate?: They use a host cell's metabolic machinery (lytic and
lysogenic cycles) .
4. Are virsus big or small?: Small
5. What hereditary material do viruses use?: DNA or RNA, which can be either
double or single stranded.
6. Do viruses have a plasma membrane?: No
7. Can viruses carry out transcription independently?: No, even if a viral poly-
merase is present, transcription of viral genomes requires nucleotides provided by
the host cell.
8. Can versus carry out translation independently?: No
9. Do viruses have any metabolic capabilites?: No
10. What are the different ways viruses diversify from each other?: Morphology,
size, outer covering (enveloped vs. noneveloped), genomes, and lifecycles.
11. What is a virion?: An individual viral particle
12. What is a bacteriophage?: A virus that infects bacteria.
13. Can bacteriophages infect eukaryotic cells?: No because eukaryotic cells
lack the the specific receptors for the particles.
14. How do viruses differ in morphology?: They have different shapes.
15. How do viruses differ in size?: They can either be extremely, extremely tiny or
a bit tiny.
16. How do virsus differ in their outer coverings?: They can either be enveloped
or noneveloped.
17. What are enveloped viruses?: They have a capsid, but they are surrounded
by a phospholipid bilayer that was stolen from the cell that they were replicating in
(wasn't synthesized on its own).
18. What are noneveloped viruses?: A virus with an outer covering shell that is
virally-encoded with proteins called capsids.
19. What are capsids?: Macromolecular protein structures which serve as a coat
of virus.
20. How do viruses differ in their viral genomes?: They can be DNA or RNA, with
either double or single strands.
21. How are (+)RNA single stranded viruses transcribed that do not have RT?
What class are they?: They have an RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase (RNA
replicase) that makes a complementary strand of RNA. The strands are split apart
with RNA helicase, and the initial present strand is used directly as the mRNA strand.
They are class IV.
, BIO 202 - Exam 5
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22. How are (-)RNA single stranded viruses transcribed? What class are they?-
: They have an RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase (RNA replicase) that makes a
complementary strand of RNA, which is then split apart and RNA replicase uses
the template strand (the complimentary one) to make the mRNA. They are class V.
23. How are double stranded RNA viruses transcribed? What class are they?: -
The RNA helicase splits them apart, and the RNA replicase transcribes the template
strand. They are class III.
24. What classes have RNA viruses?: Class III, IV, V, VI
25. What classes have DNA viruses?: Class I, II, and VII
26. What classes are reverse-transcribing viruses?: Class VI and VII
27. What is a class I virus?: Double stranded DNA virus
28. What is a class II virus?: Single stranded DNA virus
29. What is a class III virus?: Double stranded RNA virus
30. What is a class IV virus?: Positive single stranded RNA virus
31. What is a class V virus?: Negative single stranded RNA virus
32. What is a class VI virus?: Positive single-stranded RNA virus that does reverse
transcription.
33. What is a class VII virus?: Double stranded DNA virus that does reverse
transcription.
34. How are (+)single stranded RNA viruses transcribed that have RT? What
class are they?: The single-stranded RNA undergoes reverse transcription using
reverse transcriptase. It forms a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand. The second
DNA strand forms to make a double-stranded DNA. This then undergoes transcrip-
tion using RNA polymerase. They are class VI.
35. Reverse transcriptase is a ...: RNA dependent DNA polymerase.
36. RNA replicase is a ...: RNA dependent RNA polymerase.
37. How are double stranded DNA viruses that have RT undergo transcription?
What class are they?: They are transcribed into an RNA strand by RNA polymerase
that then undergoes reverse transcription. This forms the DNA again, which under-
goes transcription to make the mRNA. They are class VII.
38. DNA polymerase is a ...: DNA dependent DNA polymerase.
39. How do viruses differ in their lifecycles?: They can either undergo a lytic cycle
(replicative growth) or lysogeny (viral latency).
40. What is the lytic cycle?: This is also called replicative growth in bacteriophage.
The viral genome enters the host and is transcribed and translated, which results in
viral proteins. The viral genome undergoes replication, which assembles new virions.
These then exit the cell by bursting from the interior, causing cell death.
The results are the formation of new virions and eventually the death of the host cell.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f0zirs
1. What does obligate mean?: Required or by necessity
2. True or False: Virsues are not obligate intracellular parasites.: False
3. How do viruses replicate?: They use a host cell's metabolic machinery (lytic and
lysogenic cycles) .
4. Are virsus big or small?: Small
5. What hereditary material do viruses use?: DNA or RNA, which can be either
double or single stranded.
6. Do viruses have a plasma membrane?: No
7. Can viruses carry out transcription independently?: No, even if a viral poly-
merase is present, transcription of viral genomes requires nucleotides provided by
the host cell.
8. Can versus carry out translation independently?: No
9. Do viruses have any metabolic capabilites?: No
10. What are the different ways viruses diversify from each other?: Morphology,
size, outer covering (enveloped vs. noneveloped), genomes, and lifecycles.
11. What is a virion?: An individual viral particle
12. What is a bacteriophage?: A virus that infects bacteria.
13. Can bacteriophages infect eukaryotic cells?: No because eukaryotic cells
lack the the specific receptors for the particles.
14. How do viruses differ in morphology?: They have different shapes.
15. How do viruses differ in size?: They can either be extremely, extremely tiny or
a bit tiny.
16. How do virsus differ in their outer coverings?: They can either be enveloped
or noneveloped.
17. What are enveloped viruses?: They have a capsid, but they are surrounded
by a phospholipid bilayer that was stolen from the cell that they were replicating in
(wasn't synthesized on its own).
18. What are noneveloped viruses?: A virus with an outer covering shell that is
virally-encoded with proteins called capsids.
19. What are capsids?: Macromolecular protein structures which serve as a coat
of virus.
20. How do viruses differ in their viral genomes?: They can be DNA or RNA, with
either double or single strands.
21. How are (+)RNA single stranded viruses transcribed that do not have RT?
What class are they?: They have an RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase (RNA
replicase) that makes a complementary strand of RNA. The strands are split apart
with RNA helicase, and the initial present strand is used directly as the mRNA strand.
They are class IV.
, BIO 202 - Exam 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f0zirs
22. How are (-)RNA single stranded viruses transcribed? What class are they?-
: They have an RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase (RNA replicase) that makes a
complementary strand of RNA, which is then split apart and RNA replicase uses
the template strand (the complimentary one) to make the mRNA. They are class V.
23. How are double stranded RNA viruses transcribed? What class are they?: -
The RNA helicase splits them apart, and the RNA replicase transcribes the template
strand. They are class III.
24. What classes have RNA viruses?: Class III, IV, V, VI
25. What classes have DNA viruses?: Class I, II, and VII
26. What classes are reverse-transcribing viruses?: Class VI and VII
27. What is a class I virus?: Double stranded DNA virus
28. What is a class II virus?: Single stranded DNA virus
29. What is a class III virus?: Double stranded RNA virus
30. What is a class IV virus?: Positive single stranded RNA virus
31. What is a class V virus?: Negative single stranded RNA virus
32. What is a class VI virus?: Positive single-stranded RNA virus that does reverse
transcription.
33. What is a class VII virus?: Double stranded DNA virus that does reverse
transcription.
34. How are (+)single stranded RNA viruses transcribed that have RT? What
class are they?: The single-stranded RNA undergoes reverse transcription using
reverse transcriptase. It forms a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand. The second
DNA strand forms to make a double-stranded DNA. This then undergoes transcrip-
tion using RNA polymerase. They are class VI.
35. Reverse transcriptase is a ...: RNA dependent DNA polymerase.
36. RNA replicase is a ...: RNA dependent RNA polymerase.
37. How are double stranded DNA viruses that have RT undergo transcription?
What class are they?: They are transcribed into an RNA strand by RNA polymerase
that then undergoes reverse transcription. This forms the DNA again, which under-
goes transcription to make the mRNA. They are class VII.
38. DNA polymerase is a ...: DNA dependent DNA polymerase.
39. How do viruses differ in their lifecycles?: They can either undergo a lytic cycle
(replicative growth) or lysogeny (viral latency).
40. What is the lytic cycle?: This is also called replicative growth in bacteriophage.
The viral genome enters the host and is transcribed and translated, which results in
viral proteins. The viral genome undergoes replication, which assembles new virions.
These then exit the cell by bursting from the interior, causing cell death.
The results are the formation of new virions and eventually the death of the host cell.
