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Summary Comprehensive Notes on Ionic Equilibrium: Concepts, pH, and Buffer Solutions

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This document provides detailed and well-structured notes on Ionic Equilibrium, covering key topics like acid-base equilibria, pH calculation, buffer solutions, solubility product (Ksp), and hydrolysis of salts. It also explains concepts such as common ion effect, degree of dissociation, and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Ideal for JEE, NEET, Class 12 Chemistry, and competitive exam preparation, these notes offer concept clarity, quick revision, and last-minute exam review.

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March 26, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
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I0n?c Equilboium
*Electooly tes *sf ToHJBase o6M,
which can dissoci ate into ions inmolten os then contibution of uaters can be ignoed
a9eous statt
Ptong electooly e
Dissoctey i00: lhen contibuton of waters conot be i9n00
e9'- HCA, Heso, HNO
(oH Totes =(oH] base t [oH Jua0
Shown b w ! CommonTo effect
yweak eletoly te (he degte of diss of uwea K electroyte is
n2anly dissoiate. furthus Supressed in the presena of Stoong
lecto lY e having ommon io with the
weakelecooly te

AcidBase ’Add’ Ht in aqueDw Types of Kh h PH (at 25°)
Sa 1ts
Aohenius >Base’oHin aqueo s
SA+SB 7(nutra)
leuos e pai donar (Aid)
e paiT accentos (Base) Kw |Kh
fBon Stad Prooton donos (Base) Jeg - CH3 Coo
Ka 7+4fpkattayc}
Pooton acceptor (Acid) SA+ wB Kw
e9:- NHscu

" At infoite dituton even wea k electoy uAt+w8 Kw
Can act as strong e lectrolyte eg:-(H wUNHy.

t PH t (Poten2 de hyd
rogene

# PH = -log [HJ, PoH = -loa Co]
PH + DoH =14) PHt PoHPkw Co
x<ooS

At 25°c, K=(o
Ka x kL= kw
|Kax
and PH toweak Aid HA
Kw 1o SA hay weak CB viavea

SKuses oithTT DH=PKa -dog
pH Can be ngahe pH fo wea K base



’AS Cses
TH]sey
PH ‘Ses
tes can beignre
Contibton of oa
hen

be
canngtignorecl.
of wgter
Then contibution
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