SCIEg326gMIDTERMgEXAMgQUESTIONSgANDggCOR
RECTgANSWERSg100%gVERIFIED
Identifygthreegkeygwaysgingwhichgscientificgandgreligiousgapproachesgtogthegworldgdiffer.
g-
gAnswerg1.gThegoriginsgofgtheguniverse:gScienceglooksgforgempiricalgevidencegandgnatu
ralgcauses,gwhereasgreligiousgaccountsgofgthegorigingofgtheguniversegoftengdependgup
ongdivinegorgsupernaturalgcauses.
Thegnaturegofgreality:gSciencegtreatsgrealitygasgangobjectivelygexistinggthinggwithgagnatur
egdeterminedgbygnaturalgcauses,gwhereasgreligiousgtraditionsgtreatgrealitygasgsubjecti
vegandgcausedgbygspiritualgorgsupernaturalgelements.
Wheregscience,gforginstance,gmaygsearchgforgangexplanationgandgunderstandinggofgna
turalgphenomena,greligiongmaygseekgtogfindgmeaninggandgpurposegfromgagmoregdivinegg
uidancegorgthroughgsacredgtexts.
Whatgisgthegdifferencegbetweengthegscientificgandgreligiousgsensesgofgthegwordg"mea
ning"?g-
gAnswergScientificg"meaning"gpertainsgtogunderstandinggandgexplaininggnaturalgpheno
mena,ggivingginsightgintogunderstandinggandgpurpose.
Religiousg"meaning"goftengdealsgwithgthegspiritualgorgsupernaturalgaspects,gderivinggpur
posegfromgagrelationshipgwithgaghighergpower,gandgwisdomgfromgscripture.
Whatgisgonegexamplegofgagpublicgissuegrelatedgtogsciencegand/orgtechnology?g-
gAnswergExamplesgincludegthegprivacygandgdatagsecuritygconcerns,gwheregeverygbitgofg
personalgdatagoneghasgisgcollected,gstored,gandgmaygbegmisusedgbygcompaniesgandggo
vernments.
Givegexamplesgofgactinggingaccordancegwithgthegthreegmoralgqualitiesginvolvedgingthegi
nductivegattitude.g-
gAnswergWisegRestraint:gRefrainedgfromgmakinggimpulsiveginvestmentgdecisions,ginste
adgconductinggthoroughgresearch.
,IntellectualgHonesty:gUpdatedgpoliticalgviewsgbasedgongnewginformation.
IntellectualgCourage:gResearchedgandgformulatedgpersonalgopinionsgongpoliticalgissues
ginsteadgofgblindlygfollowinggthegopinionsgofgsocialggroupsgorgmedia.
Givegsixgexamplesgeachgwheregsciencegisgusedgingagproduct'sgsalesgwithgpoorgevidence
.g-gSolutiongBraingsupplementsgthatgclaimgimprovedgmemory.
"Smart"gproductsgwhichgclaimgtogimprovegyourgqualitygofgsleep.
Cosmeticsgclaimingganti-aginggresults.
"Superfoods"gwithghealthgbenefits.
Cleanersgclaiminggtogkillgallgbacteriagandggerms.
Exercisinggequipmentgguaranteeinggrapidgresults.
Howgdoesgone'sgbeliefgingclimategchangegaffectgtheirgbehaviourgandgworldview,gandgwh
atgwouldgaltergsuchgagbelief?g-
gAnswergThisgcouldgguidegbehaviorsgingfurthergsustainablegpracticesgandgfitsgintogaglar
gergworldgviewgofghuman-environmentginterconnectedness.
Evidencegtogthegcontrarygofgthegexistinggunderstandinggofgclimategchange,gevidencegt
ogeffectivegsolutions,gandgalsoganygshiftgingpersonalgvaluesgorgprioritiesgcouldgchangegs
uchgagbelief.
Describegthegscientificgpointgofgview.g-
gAnswergThegscientificgpointgofgviewgisgbasedgongempiricalgevidence,glogicalgreasonin
g,gandgskepticism.
Itginvolvesggatheringgdata,gforminggandgtestingghypotheses,gandgrefininggtheoriesgbased
,ongnewgevidence.
Itsggoalgisgtogunderstandgnaturalgphenomenagandgbuildgreliablegmodelsgofgthegworld,gva
luinggobjectivity,gtransparency,gandgreplication.
Describegtheginductivegattitudegandgitsgassociatedgmoralgqualities.g-
gAnswergTheginductivegattitudeginvolvesgformingggeneralgconclusionsgbasedgongspecific
gobservations.
ItsgmoralgqualitiesgaregIntellectualgCourageg(willingnessgtogrevisegbeliefs),gIntellectualgH
onestyg(willingnessgtogchangegagbeliefgwhengthere'sgcompellinggreason),gandgWisegRest
raintg(notgchanginggbeliefsgwithoutggoodgreason).
Whygunderstandgscience?gImprovedgDecision-Making:gSciencegprovidesgevidence-
basedginformationgforgassessinggrisksgandgbenefits.
CriticalgThinkinggSkills:gUnderstandinggsciencegencouragesgquestioninggassumptions,g
evaluatinggevidence,gandgconsideringgalternativegexplanations.
BettergUnderstandinggofgthegWorld:gSciencegcangenhancegappreciationgofgnaturalgphen
omenagandginformgdiscussions.
ResearchgingSciencesgvs.gHumanitiesg-
gAnswergSciences:gFocusgongempiricalgphenomenagandgnaturalgphenomena.gUsegempir
icalgdatagandgstatisticalgmethods.gAimgforgunderstandinggthegnaturalgworld.
Humanities:gFocusgongabstractgconceptsglikegmeaning,gmorality,gandgaesthetics.gInterp
retgtexts,gimages,gorgculturalgartifacts.gAimgforgunderstandinggtheghumangexperience.
Science-
DefinitiongAnswer:gSciencegisgthegmethodicalgempiricalgproceduregforgunderstandingg
nature.gItgisgthegprocessgofgformulatingghypotheses,gtestinggthemgwithgrigor,gandgthereb
ygcreatinggevidence-basedgknowledge.
, RobingDunbar'sgClaimg-
gAnswer:gDunbargclaimsgthatgtoglearngisgtogdogscience,gandganygcreaturegcapablegofgle
arninggisgdoinggscience.gScience,gthough,grequiresgmoregthang mereglearning;gitgneedsg
criticalgthinking,gproblem-
solving,gdesigninggofgexperiments,gandgcreationgofgnewgknowledge.
DiscoverygofgSmallpoxgVaccineg-
gAnswergEdwardgJennergdiscoveredgthegsmallpoxgvaccinegusinggagsystematicgapproac
hgandgempiricalgmethods.gHisgdiscoveryginvolvedgrigorousgtestinggofghisghypothesis,gcr
eativegproblem-
solving,gthegusegofgspecializedgtools,gandgcommunicationgofghisgfindings.
SmallpoxgVaccinegObservationg-
gAnswergEdwardgJennergobservedgthatgmilkmaidsgwhoghadgcontractedgcowpoxgdidgnotg
getgsmallpox.gThisgobservationgwasgthegstartinggpointgforghisghypothesis.
HypothesisgFormationg-
gSmallpoxgBasedgongthegobservation,gEdwardgJennergdevelopedgaghypothesisgwhereingco
wpoxgcouldgprovidegprotectiongagainstgsmallpox.
DesigngthegExperimentg-
gSmallpoxgBasedgonghisghypothesis,gEdwardgJennergdesignedgangexperiment.gIngthisgex
periment,ghegwantedgtoginoculategagsubjectgwithgcowpoxgandgthengexposeghimgtogsmall
poxgtogfindgoutgwhetherghegshowedganygsignsgofgimmunitygorgnot.
SmallpoxgExperimentgConductedg-
gAnswergThegexperimentgwasgconductedgbygEdwardgJennergwhoginoculatedgagnumbe
rgofgsubjects,gincludingghimself,gwithgcowpoxgmaterial.gHegletgthemgrecovergandgtheng
subjectedgthemgtogsmallpox.
IntensegSmallpoxgTestingg-
gAnswergAftergconductinggthegexperimentgoncegwithgfavorablegresults,gEdwardgJennerg
nevergstopped.gHegconductedgexperimentsgmanygtimesgtogmakegsuregthatgitgwasgnotgb
ygchancegthatghisgresultsgshowed.
SmallpoxgGatheringgEvidenceg-
gAnswergThroughgseveralgexperiments,gEdwardgJennergwasgablegtogcollectgempiricalgevi
RECTgANSWERSg100%gVERIFIED
Identifygthreegkeygwaysgingwhichgscientificgandgreligiousgapproachesgtogthegworldgdiffer.
g-
gAnswerg1.gThegoriginsgofgtheguniverse:gScienceglooksgforgempiricalgevidencegandgnatu
ralgcauses,gwhereasgreligiousgaccountsgofgthegorigingofgtheguniversegoftengdependgup
ongdivinegorgsupernaturalgcauses.
Thegnaturegofgreality:gSciencegtreatsgrealitygasgangobjectivelygexistinggthinggwithgagnatur
egdeterminedgbygnaturalgcauses,gwhereasgreligiousgtraditionsgtreatgrealitygasgsubjecti
vegandgcausedgbygspiritualgorgsupernaturalgelements.
Wheregscience,gforginstance,gmaygsearchgforgangexplanationgandgunderstandinggofgna
turalgphenomena,greligiongmaygseekgtogfindgmeaninggandgpurposegfromgagmoregdivinegg
uidancegorgthroughgsacredgtexts.
Whatgisgthegdifferencegbetweengthegscientificgandgreligiousgsensesgofgthegwordg"mea
ning"?g-
gAnswergScientificg"meaning"gpertainsgtogunderstandinggandgexplaininggnaturalgpheno
mena,ggivingginsightgintogunderstandinggandgpurpose.
Religiousg"meaning"goftengdealsgwithgthegspiritualgorgsupernaturalgaspects,gderivinggpur
posegfromgagrelationshipgwithgaghighergpower,gandgwisdomgfromgscripture.
Whatgisgonegexamplegofgagpublicgissuegrelatedgtogsciencegand/orgtechnology?g-
gAnswergExamplesgincludegthegprivacygandgdatagsecuritygconcerns,gwheregeverygbitgofg
personalgdatagoneghasgisgcollected,gstored,gandgmaygbegmisusedgbygcompaniesgandggo
vernments.
Givegexamplesgofgactinggingaccordancegwithgthegthreegmoralgqualitiesginvolvedgingthegi
nductivegattitude.g-
gAnswergWisegRestraint:gRefrainedgfromgmakinggimpulsiveginvestmentgdecisions,ginste
adgconductinggthoroughgresearch.
,IntellectualgHonesty:gUpdatedgpoliticalgviewsgbasedgongnewginformation.
IntellectualgCourage:gResearchedgandgformulatedgpersonalgopinionsgongpoliticalgissues
ginsteadgofgblindlygfollowinggthegopinionsgofgsocialggroupsgorgmedia.
Givegsixgexamplesgeachgwheregsciencegisgusedgingagproduct'sgsalesgwithgpoorgevidence
.g-gSolutiongBraingsupplementsgthatgclaimgimprovedgmemory.
"Smart"gproductsgwhichgclaimgtogimprovegyourgqualitygofgsleep.
Cosmeticsgclaimingganti-aginggresults.
"Superfoods"gwithghealthgbenefits.
Cleanersgclaiminggtogkillgallgbacteriagandggerms.
Exercisinggequipmentgguaranteeinggrapidgresults.
Howgdoesgone'sgbeliefgingclimategchangegaffectgtheirgbehaviourgandgworldview,gandgwh
atgwouldgaltergsuchgagbelief?g-
gAnswergThisgcouldgguidegbehaviorsgingfurthergsustainablegpracticesgandgfitsgintogaglar
gergworldgviewgofghuman-environmentginterconnectedness.
Evidencegtogthegcontrarygofgthegexistinggunderstandinggofgclimategchange,gevidencegt
ogeffectivegsolutions,gandgalsoganygshiftgingpersonalgvaluesgorgprioritiesgcouldgchangegs
uchgagbelief.
Describegthegscientificgpointgofgview.g-
gAnswergThegscientificgpointgofgviewgisgbasedgongempiricalgevidence,glogicalgreasonin
g,gandgskepticism.
Itginvolvesggatheringgdata,gforminggandgtestingghypotheses,gandgrefininggtheoriesgbased
,ongnewgevidence.
Itsggoalgisgtogunderstandgnaturalgphenomenagandgbuildgreliablegmodelsgofgthegworld,gva
luinggobjectivity,gtransparency,gandgreplication.
Describegtheginductivegattitudegandgitsgassociatedgmoralgqualities.g-
gAnswergTheginductivegattitudeginvolvesgformingggeneralgconclusionsgbasedgongspecific
gobservations.
ItsgmoralgqualitiesgaregIntellectualgCourageg(willingnessgtogrevisegbeliefs),gIntellectualgH
onestyg(willingnessgtogchangegagbeliefgwhengthere'sgcompellinggreason),gandgWisegRest
raintg(notgchanginggbeliefsgwithoutggoodgreason).
Whygunderstandgscience?gImprovedgDecision-Making:gSciencegprovidesgevidence-
basedginformationgforgassessinggrisksgandgbenefits.
CriticalgThinkinggSkills:gUnderstandinggsciencegencouragesgquestioninggassumptions,g
evaluatinggevidence,gandgconsideringgalternativegexplanations.
BettergUnderstandinggofgthegWorld:gSciencegcangenhancegappreciationgofgnaturalgphen
omenagandginformgdiscussions.
ResearchgingSciencesgvs.gHumanitiesg-
gAnswergSciences:gFocusgongempiricalgphenomenagandgnaturalgphenomena.gUsegempir
icalgdatagandgstatisticalgmethods.gAimgforgunderstandinggthegnaturalgworld.
Humanities:gFocusgongabstractgconceptsglikegmeaning,gmorality,gandgaesthetics.gInterp
retgtexts,gimages,gorgculturalgartifacts.gAimgforgunderstandinggtheghumangexperience.
Science-
DefinitiongAnswer:gSciencegisgthegmethodicalgempiricalgproceduregforgunderstandingg
nature.gItgisgthegprocessgofgformulatingghypotheses,gtestinggthemgwithgrigor,gandgthereb
ygcreatinggevidence-basedgknowledge.
, RobingDunbar'sgClaimg-
gAnswer:gDunbargclaimsgthatgtoglearngisgtogdogscience,gandganygcreaturegcapablegofgle
arninggisgdoinggscience.gScience,gthough,grequiresgmoregthang mereglearning;gitgneedsg
criticalgthinking,gproblem-
solving,gdesigninggofgexperiments,gandgcreationgofgnewgknowledge.
DiscoverygofgSmallpoxgVaccineg-
gAnswergEdwardgJennergdiscoveredgthegsmallpoxgvaccinegusinggagsystematicgapproac
hgandgempiricalgmethods.gHisgdiscoveryginvolvedgrigorousgtestinggofghisghypothesis,gcr
eativegproblem-
solving,gthegusegofgspecializedgtools,gandgcommunicationgofghisgfindings.
SmallpoxgVaccinegObservationg-
gAnswergEdwardgJennergobservedgthatgmilkmaidsgwhoghadgcontractedgcowpoxgdidgnotg
getgsmallpox.gThisgobservationgwasgthegstartinggpointgforghisghypothesis.
HypothesisgFormationg-
gSmallpoxgBasedgongthegobservation,gEdwardgJennergdevelopedgaghypothesisgwhereingco
wpoxgcouldgprovidegprotectiongagainstgsmallpox.
DesigngthegExperimentg-
gSmallpoxgBasedgonghisghypothesis,gEdwardgJennergdesignedgangexperiment.gIngthisgex
periment,ghegwantedgtoginoculategagsubjectgwithgcowpoxgandgthengexposeghimgtogsmall
poxgtogfindgoutgwhetherghegshowedganygsignsgofgimmunitygorgnot.
SmallpoxgExperimentgConductedg-
gAnswergThegexperimentgwasgconductedgbygEdwardgJennergwhoginoculatedgagnumbe
rgofgsubjects,gincludingghimself,gwithgcowpoxgmaterial.gHegletgthemgrecovergandgtheng
subjectedgthemgtogsmallpox.
IntensegSmallpoxgTestingg-
gAnswergAftergconductinggthegexperimentgoncegwithgfavorablegresults,gEdwardgJennerg
nevergstopped.gHegconductedgexperimentsgmanygtimesgtogmakegsuregthatgitgwasgnotgb
ygchancegthatghisgresultsgshowed.
SmallpoxgGatheringgEvidenceg-
gAnswergThroughgseveralgexperiments,gEdwardgJennergwasgablegtogcollectgempiricalgevi
