Psychology 2301 Final Exam Review Questions And
Answers With Latest Solutions
define psychology ANS the scientific study of mind and behavior
define the scientific method and explain how it is used in psychology ANS scientific method: is the
set of assumptions, rules, and procedures
scientists collect, organize, and draw conclusions from data
data: information collected through formal observation or measurement
what are the major schools of thought and theoretical perspectives in psychology ANS biological
psychology, behaviorism, psychoanalysis (psychodynamic), humanistic psychology, cognitive
psychology, evolutionary psychology, sociocultural psychology
behaviorism ANS focus on observable behavior//experiences shape behavior//law of learning
psychoanalysis ANS treatment based on psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) theory//unconscious
conflicts are interpreted by the analyst//interpretation of dreams; free association//founder: Freud
humanistic psychology ANS free will//self esteem//self-actualization
cognitive perspective ANS includes information processing//computer metaphor//Piaget
evolutionary psychology ANS fitness for survival//reproduction//natural selection
biological pyschology ANS interaction between biology and behavior: brain, nervous system,
endocrine system, genetics, nutrition, exercise, stress
,sociocultural approach ANS humans influenced by: social situations and culture... also the differences
in these two
what are the research methods ANS naturalistic observation, laboratory observations, case study,
survey, correlation, correlation coefficient
case study ANS in depth study of one or more individual's experiences and behavior
survey ANS interview or questionnaire about measuring beliefs or behaviors in a sample group
naturalistic observation ANS research based on the observation of everyday events (natural settings)
laboratory observation ANS descriptive research conducted observation of behavior in controlled
setting
correlation ANS a relationship between variables
correlation coefficient ANS the strength and direction of a linear relationship. it ranges from -1 to +1
sample ANS the people chosen to participate in a research project
population ANS the people the researcher wants to know about
experimental method ANS research to demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between variables
independent variable ANS the causing variable, manipulated by the experimenter
dependent variable ANS the measured variable that is expected to be influence by the experimental
manipulation
, hypothesis ANS states how the independent variable will cause the dependent variable to change
experimental group ANS exposed to the experimental manipulation
control group ANS not exposed to the experimental manipulation (or exposed to a different level of
the manipulation)
random assignment ANS participants have an equal chance of being in either group. they are assigned
to groups randomly
placebo ANS a control group which receives an inactive treatment
placebo effects ANS changes caused by participant expectations
double blind technique ANS both the researcher and the research participants are blind to condition
experimenter bias ANS the influence of the experimenter's expectations on the outcome of research
outline the ethical standards that psychological researchers must follow ANS minimize
harm//voluntary participation//protect privacy//informed consent--tell them about research and that they
can quit//minimize deception//debriefing
psychiatrists ANS M.D.//physicians can prescribe drugs
psychologists ANS Ph.D. or Psy. D//research, teaching, or therapy
neurons (nerve cells) ANS transmit and receive neural impulses
dendrite ANS receives information
Answers With Latest Solutions
define psychology ANS the scientific study of mind and behavior
define the scientific method and explain how it is used in psychology ANS scientific method: is the
set of assumptions, rules, and procedures
scientists collect, organize, and draw conclusions from data
data: information collected through formal observation or measurement
what are the major schools of thought and theoretical perspectives in psychology ANS biological
psychology, behaviorism, psychoanalysis (psychodynamic), humanistic psychology, cognitive
psychology, evolutionary psychology, sociocultural psychology
behaviorism ANS focus on observable behavior//experiences shape behavior//law of learning
psychoanalysis ANS treatment based on psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) theory//unconscious
conflicts are interpreted by the analyst//interpretation of dreams; free association//founder: Freud
humanistic psychology ANS free will//self esteem//self-actualization
cognitive perspective ANS includes information processing//computer metaphor//Piaget
evolutionary psychology ANS fitness for survival//reproduction//natural selection
biological pyschology ANS interaction between biology and behavior: brain, nervous system,
endocrine system, genetics, nutrition, exercise, stress
,sociocultural approach ANS humans influenced by: social situations and culture... also the differences
in these two
what are the research methods ANS naturalistic observation, laboratory observations, case study,
survey, correlation, correlation coefficient
case study ANS in depth study of one or more individual's experiences and behavior
survey ANS interview or questionnaire about measuring beliefs or behaviors in a sample group
naturalistic observation ANS research based on the observation of everyday events (natural settings)
laboratory observation ANS descriptive research conducted observation of behavior in controlled
setting
correlation ANS a relationship between variables
correlation coefficient ANS the strength and direction of a linear relationship. it ranges from -1 to +1
sample ANS the people chosen to participate in a research project
population ANS the people the researcher wants to know about
experimental method ANS research to demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between variables
independent variable ANS the causing variable, manipulated by the experimenter
dependent variable ANS the measured variable that is expected to be influence by the experimental
manipulation
, hypothesis ANS states how the independent variable will cause the dependent variable to change
experimental group ANS exposed to the experimental manipulation
control group ANS not exposed to the experimental manipulation (or exposed to a different level of
the manipulation)
random assignment ANS participants have an equal chance of being in either group. they are assigned
to groups randomly
placebo ANS a control group which receives an inactive treatment
placebo effects ANS changes caused by participant expectations
double blind technique ANS both the researcher and the research participants are blind to condition
experimenter bias ANS the influence of the experimenter's expectations on the outcome of research
outline the ethical standards that psychological researchers must follow ANS minimize
harm//voluntary participation//protect privacy//informed consent--tell them about research and that they
can quit//minimize deception//debriefing
psychiatrists ANS M.D.//physicians can prescribe drugs
psychologists ANS Ph.D. or Psy. D//research, teaching, or therapy
neurons (nerve cells) ANS transmit and receive neural impulses
dendrite ANS receives information
