Advanced pharmacology for NP Exam 2
Questions and Answers Latest Version
Graded A+
What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?
✔✔ Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing blood pressure
Which enzyme is inhibited by statins to lower cholesterol levels?
✔✔ HMG-CoA reductase
What is the primary concern when prescribing warfarin?
✔✔ Risk of bleeding due to its anticoagulant effects
How does metformin lower blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes?
✔✔ Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity
What electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretics?
✔✔ Hypokalemia
1
,Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by SSRIs?
✔✔ Serotonin
What is the most common side effect of opioid analgesics?
✔✔ Respiratory depression
Which antibiotic class should be avoided in patients with penicillin allergies?
✔✔ Cephalosporins (due to possible cross-reactivity)
What is the main action of beta-blockers in cardiovascular conditions?
✔✔ Reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors
Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
✔✔ Liver
What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
✔✔ Flumazenil
2
,Which medication is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism?
✔✔ Levothyroxine
What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
✔✔ Epinephrine
Which class of antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in pregnancy?
✔✔ ACE inhibitors
How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid secretion?
✔✔ Inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells
Which insulin has the longest duration of action?
✔✔ Insulin glargine
What is the primary function of calcium channel blockers?
✔✔ Relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure
3
, Which medication is used to prevent gout attacks?
✔✔ Allopurinol
What is the most significant adverse effect of aminoglycosides?
✔✔ Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Which anticoagulant does not require routine INR monitoring?
✔✔ Apixaban
How do NSAIDs cause gastrointestinal irritation?
✔✔ Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reducing protective gastric mucus
Which vitamin should be supplemented when a patient is on isoniazid?
✔✔ Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
What is the primary indication for the use of digoxin?
✔✔ Heart failure and atrial fibrillation
4
Questions and Answers Latest Version
Graded A+
What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?
✔✔ Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing blood pressure
Which enzyme is inhibited by statins to lower cholesterol levels?
✔✔ HMG-CoA reductase
What is the primary concern when prescribing warfarin?
✔✔ Risk of bleeding due to its anticoagulant effects
How does metformin lower blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes?
✔✔ Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity
What electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretics?
✔✔ Hypokalemia
1
,Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by SSRIs?
✔✔ Serotonin
What is the most common side effect of opioid analgesics?
✔✔ Respiratory depression
Which antibiotic class should be avoided in patients with penicillin allergies?
✔✔ Cephalosporins (due to possible cross-reactivity)
What is the main action of beta-blockers in cardiovascular conditions?
✔✔ Reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors
Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
✔✔ Liver
What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
✔✔ Flumazenil
2
,Which medication is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism?
✔✔ Levothyroxine
What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
✔✔ Epinephrine
Which class of antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated in pregnancy?
✔✔ ACE inhibitors
How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid secretion?
✔✔ Inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells
Which insulin has the longest duration of action?
✔✔ Insulin glargine
What is the primary function of calcium channel blockers?
✔✔ Relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure
3
, Which medication is used to prevent gout attacks?
✔✔ Allopurinol
What is the most significant adverse effect of aminoglycosides?
✔✔ Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Which anticoagulant does not require routine INR monitoring?
✔✔ Apixaban
How do NSAIDs cause gastrointestinal irritation?
✔✔ Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reducing protective gastric mucus
Which vitamin should be supplemented when a patient is on isoniazid?
✔✔ Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
What is the primary indication for the use of digoxin?
✔✔ Heart failure and atrial fibrillation
4
