CISSN exam Question and Answers Graded
A+
Regular aerobic training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle a. Increased oxidative
capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria, increase in enzymes of metabolic pathways
involved in oxidative metabolism
i. Succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, (krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle)
b. Induces a shift toward lipid metabolism transition from IIX to IIa
What has the greatest effect on the sedentary person's daily energy expenditure Resting
Metabolic Rate
What activities or sports use ATP-PCr energy system as the main energy system? Short,
high intensity sports.
I.E. sprinting, power lifting, high-jump, long-jump
,What dose of creatine, after creatine loading, will maintain elevated creatine levels for 28 days?
A typical creatine supplementation protocol of either
- a loading phase of 20 to 25 g CM/d
- 0.3 g CM/kg/d split into 4 to 5 daily intakes of 5 g each
recommended to quickly saturate creatine stores in the skeletal muscle.
However a more moderate protocol where several smaller doses of creatine are ingested along
the day (20 intakes of 1 g every 30 min) could be a better approach to get a maximal saturation
of the intramuscular creatine store. In order to keep the maximal saturation of body creatine, the
loading phase must be followed by a maintenance period of 3-5 g CM/d or 0.03 g CM/kg/
What role do vitamins play in metabolism? Vitamins are the building blocks/precursors to
cell parts and enzymes involved in substrate metabolism
Where does most of the energy for ATP phosphorylation come from? From the energy in
the chemical bonds of the food we ingest
What does pre-exercise ingestion of glycerol do? a. Hyperhydration or water retention
,b. Plasma volume increases
c. Exercising HR is reduced
d. Improved performance time.
What is the glucose-alanine cycle? What is the Cori-cycle? a. Glucose-alanine cycle:
During exercise, pyruvate is formed from the breakdown of glyocgen and glucose. Within the
muscle, BCAAs donate their amino group to pyruvate to form alanine. Alanine is transported to
the liver where it is used to regenerate glucose. Glucose can then be transported back to skeletal
muscle to be used for energy. Thus, BCAAS (especially leucine) help reform glucose during
fasting and prolonged exercise
b. Cori-Cycle
The metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in the muscles moves
to the liver and is converted to pyruvate and then to glucose via gluconeogenesis, which then
returns to the muscles and is converted back to lactate
, Why is fat considered the ideal cellular fuel? It produces a far superior amount of energy
when oxidized vs carbs or protein
What are the essential amino acids? What are some conditionally essential amino acids a.
Essential Amino Acids are AA that can not be synthesized by the body and must be consumed in
our diet *are BCAA
i. Histidine
ii. Isoleucine*
iii. Leucine*
iv. Lysine
v. Methionine
vi. Phenylalanine
vii. Threonine
viii. Tryptophan
ix. Valine*
THREe TRYs of METH IS a HIt, Let Lewis Pay VALet
b. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids (under stressful conditions such as exercise)
A+
Regular aerobic training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle a. Increased oxidative
capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria, increase in enzymes of metabolic pathways
involved in oxidative metabolism
i. Succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, (krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle)
b. Induces a shift toward lipid metabolism transition from IIX to IIa
What has the greatest effect on the sedentary person's daily energy expenditure Resting
Metabolic Rate
What activities or sports use ATP-PCr energy system as the main energy system? Short,
high intensity sports.
I.E. sprinting, power lifting, high-jump, long-jump
,What dose of creatine, after creatine loading, will maintain elevated creatine levels for 28 days?
A typical creatine supplementation protocol of either
- a loading phase of 20 to 25 g CM/d
- 0.3 g CM/kg/d split into 4 to 5 daily intakes of 5 g each
recommended to quickly saturate creatine stores in the skeletal muscle.
However a more moderate protocol where several smaller doses of creatine are ingested along
the day (20 intakes of 1 g every 30 min) could be a better approach to get a maximal saturation
of the intramuscular creatine store. In order to keep the maximal saturation of body creatine, the
loading phase must be followed by a maintenance period of 3-5 g CM/d or 0.03 g CM/kg/
What role do vitamins play in metabolism? Vitamins are the building blocks/precursors to
cell parts and enzymes involved in substrate metabolism
Where does most of the energy for ATP phosphorylation come from? From the energy in
the chemical bonds of the food we ingest
What does pre-exercise ingestion of glycerol do? a. Hyperhydration or water retention
,b. Plasma volume increases
c. Exercising HR is reduced
d. Improved performance time.
What is the glucose-alanine cycle? What is the Cori-cycle? a. Glucose-alanine cycle:
During exercise, pyruvate is formed from the breakdown of glyocgen and glucose. Within the
muscle, BCAAs donate their amino group to pyruvate to form alanine. Alanine is transported to
the liver where it is used to regenerate glucose. Glucose can then be transported back to skeletal
muscle to be used for energy. Thus, BCAAS (especially leucine) help reform glucose during
fasting and prolonged exercise
b. Cori-Cycle
The metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in the muscles moves
to the liver and is converted to pyruvate and then to glucose via gluconeogenesis, which then
returns to the muscles and is converted back to lactate
, Why is fat considered the ideal cellular fuel? It produces a far superior amount of energy
when oxidized vs carbs or protein
What are the essential amino acids? What are some conditionally essential amino acids a.
Essential Amino Acids are AA that can not be synthesized by the body and must be consumed in
our diet *are BCAA
i. Histidine
ii. Isoleucine*
iii. Leucine*
iv. Lysine
v. Methionine
vi. Phenylalanine
vii. Threonine
viii. Tryptophan
ix. Valine*
THREe TRYs of METH IS a HIt, Let Lewis Pay VALet
b. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids (under stressful conditions such as exercise)
