NUR231 Pathophysiology Exam-1 Questions with Answers 2025

NUR231 Pathophysiology Exam#1
Questions with Answers 2025
IdiopathicAinfectionA-AcorrectAanswers-DiseasesAthatAhaveAnoAidentifiableAcause
IatrogenicAinfectionA-AcorrectAanswers-
DiseasesAthatAoccurAasAaAresultAofAmedicalAtreatment
AcuteAinfectionA-AcorrectAanswers-shortAtermAinfection

manyAtimesAisAmoreAsevereAbutAwithAsuddenAonsetAandAshortAduration
NosocomialAinfectionA-AcorrectAanswers-infectionAobtainedAwhileAinAhealthcareAsetting
CommunicableAinfectionA-AcorrectAanswers-contagious
InsidiousAdiseaseA-AcorrectAanswers-
diseaseAwithAnoAsymptomsAuntilAopportunityApresentsAitself

ex)AAIDS
EpidemiologyA-AcorrectAanswers-StudyAofAtheAdiseaseAinAtheApopulation
MortalityA-AcorrectAanswers-actualAdeath;AdeathArate
MorbidityA-AcorrectAanswers-HowAmanyApeopleAcomeAdownAwithAit?
HowAdoesAtheAdiseaseAaffectAtheAindividual?
PrevalenceA-AcorrectAanswers-NumberAofAcasesAinApopulationAduringAspecifiedAperiod.
IncidenceA-AcorrectAanswers-NumberAofAnewAcasesAoccurringAinAspecifiedAperiod.
HypertrophyA-AcorrectAanswers-overgrowthAofAaAmuscleAcells

ventricularAhypertrophy
HyperplasiaA-AcorrectAanswers-overgrowthAofAcells
MetaplasiaAandAwhoAdoesAthisAhappenAto?A-AcorrectAanswers-
changeAfromAoneAcellAtypeAtoAanotherAcellAtype

SmokersAwillAseeAthisAdueAtoAchronicAirritationAofAtheAairway,AthisAeventuallyAleadsAtoAcanc
er
DysplasiaA-AcorrectAanswers-DeformedAcells,AprecursorAtoAcancer
AtrophyA-AcorrectAanswers-LossAofAgrowth
BenignAvsAMalignantA-AcorrectAanswers-
Benign:AslowAgrowingAencapsulatedAmassAofAdifferentiatedAcells.AsimilarAtoAnormalAcellsAw
ithAfairlyAnormalAmitosis.AremainsAlocalizedAandAlifeAthreateningAifAinAbrain.

Malignant:ArapidlyAgrowingAanaplasticAcellsAthatAinvadeAnearbyAtissueAandAspreadAthroug
hAbloodAandAlymphAsystem.
AnaplasiaA-AcorrectAanswers-
undifferentiatedAandAovergrowingAcellsAwithoutAform;AakaACANCER
HypoxiaA-AcorrectAanswers-lowAlevelsAofAoxygenAtoAanAareaA-
usually,AbutAnotAalways,AdueAtoAischemia
IschemiaAandAwhatAareAitsAaffectsA-AcorrectAanswers-overallAlackAofAbloodAflowAtoAanAarea

, -canAcauseAcardiacAischemia,AmesentericAischemia,Astroke.
-Infarcted:AwhenAcellsAhaveAbeenAdeprivedAofAoxygenAforAtooAlongAandAthereAisAcellAdeath.
-hugeAproblemAinAheatAandACNSAbecauseAthoseAcellsAdon'tArecover.
WhatAisAApoptosis?A-AcorrectAanswers-ProgrammedAcellAdeath
WhatAisANecrosisAandAwhatAareAtheAdifferentAtypesA(6)?A-AcorrectAanswers-CellAdeath
1.ALiquefaction:AliquifiedAtissueAfromAenzymes.
2.ACoagulative:AdeadAtissueAretainsAform.
3.AFat:AbrokenAdownAfattyAacidsA(induceAinflammation).
4.ACaseous:Acheesy.
5.AInfarction:AcellAdeathAfromAhypoxia.
6.AGangrene:AbacterialAinfectedAnecroticAtissue.
WhatAareAtheA6AtypesAofAExudate?A-AcorrectAanswers-1.ASerous:AclearAyellowAfluid.
2.AFibrinous:AfibrinA(clottingAfactor).
3.APurulent:A"Pus"A-AmanyAdeadAWBCs.
4.AAbcess:A"walledAoff"AtoAprotectAhealthAareas.AUsuallyAneedsAtoAbeAI&D.
5.AHemorrhagic:AcompromisedAartery/veinAresultingAinAbloodAcollection.
6.ANecrotizingAFaciitis:AskinAeatingAdisease.
WhatAareA4AtypesAofAtissueAhealingA-or-Aabnormalities?A-AcorrectAanswers-
1.AKeloid:AhypertrophicAscarAtissueAformation.
2.AContracture:AjointsAandAvisceralAorgansAnotAproperlyAsliding.
3.A1stAintentionAhealing:Asutured,AsmallAscar.
4.A2ndAintentionAhealing:Aopen,AbiggerAscar.
AcuteAvsAChronicAInflammationA-AcorrectAanswers-Acute:AmassiveAswellingAandAexudate.
Chronic:AmoreAlymphocytesAandAmarcophages,ApotentialAforAlargerAscar.
WhatAareA2AmedicationsAforAinflammation?A-AcorrectAanswers-
1.ANSAIDs:AblockAinflammatoryAprocessAbyAblockingACOX2Ainhibitor.Aex)AAsprin,Aibuprofe
n,Anaproxen,ACelebrex.
2.ACorticosteroidsA-
AmoreApotentAthanANSAIDs,AblockAimmuneAresponseAbyAdecreasingAcapAperm,Aleukocyte

s,Ahistamine.
Adverse:Aosteoporosis,Acataracts,AskinAthinning,AincreasedAriskAofAinfection.
NurseAimp:ApatientsAwithAdiabetes.
SeenAin:AbackAinjuries,ACOPD,Aasthma.
WhatAareAtheAstepsAinAinnateA(non-specific)AImmunity?A-AcorrectAanswers-1.AInjury.
2.ACellsAreleaseAhistamine.
3.AHistamineAincreasesAvasodilationAandAICP.
4.ALeukocytesAmoveAtoAsiteAofAinjuryAdueAtoAchemotaxis.
5.APhagocytosisAoccursA-AremovalAofAdebrisAinApreparationAforAhealing.
-Specifically:AMacrophagesAengulfAdebrisAthusAinitiatingAspecificAimmunity.
MajorAplayersAinANon-specificA(innate)Aimmunity?A-AcorrectAanswers--Inflammation:
-Complement:
-Phagocytosis:
PlayersAinAspecificA(adaptive)Aimmunity?A-AcorrectAanswers-Humoral:AB-
cellsA(matureAinAboneAmarrow).
-APlasmaAcell:AIgAproducingAB-cell.
-AB-lymphocyte:AEffectiveAagainstAbacteria/virusesAoutsideAofAcell.