Nuclear Chemistry Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
A fusion process that takes place in the sun involves: - ANSWER-hydrogen forming
helium + energy
A positron has the same mass as - ANSWER-an electron
After four half-lives, _____ of the radioisotope remains - ANSWER-6.25%
All of the following are problems associated with the use of radiation for cancer
treatment except
a.)healthy tissue might be destroyed
b.)some cancer cells can become resistant
c.)there are no good radionuclides to use
d.)not all the cancer cells may be killed - ANSWER-c.) there are no good radionuclides
to use
Radiation treatment is risky because some healthy cells are also killed, and cells at the
center of a cancerous tumor can become resistant to the radiation.
All of the following statements about nuclear reactions are true except
a.)the nucleus gains stability by undergoing a reaction
b.) pressure affects nuclear reactions
c.)temperature does not affect a nuclear reaction
d.)energies released in nuclear reactions are much larger than energies in chemical
reactions. - ANSWER-b.) pressure affects nuclear reactions
An alpha particle is a - ANSWER-He nucleus with two protons and two neutrons
An example of a transuranium element is - ANSWER-curium
Average exposure to background radiation is - ANSWER-0.1 rem/yr
Complete the following decay reaction:
222/88 Ra --> 4/2 He+ ?
/ = over - ANSWER-?= 218/86
, Complete the following reaction:
9/4Be + 4/2He ---> ? + 1/n
/ = over - ANSWER-? = 12/6
Einstein's equation states - ANSWER-E = mc2
Albert Einstein showed that mass and energy are interconvertible according to his
famous equation, E = mc2.
How does a film badge detect radiation? - ANSWER-The radiation fogs the film and
creates dark places where the exposure has taken place. The amount of fogging
is related to the amount of radiation exposure.
In beta decay the following occurs: - ANSWER-atomic number increases by one
No stable nuclides exist beyond the element - ANSWER-82-Pb
Nuclear radiation provides all the following benefits except
a.)killing food bacteria
b.)protecting crops from pesticide damage
c.)killing insects in food
d.)measuring fertilizer usage by plants - ANSWER-b.) protecting crops from pesticide
damage
Nuclear reactions - ANSWER-cause one nuclide to change into another nuclide
One disadvantage of using fusion reactions for energy is - ANSWER-high temperatures
needed for fusion reactions
One of the following does not serve as a particle for carrying out artificial transmutation
a.) electrons
b.) protons
c.) neutrons
d.)alpha particles - ANSWER-a.) electrons
Radioactive decay takes place more rapidly for - ANSWER-less stable nuclei
The ________ holds the nuclei of atoms together - ANSWER-strong nuclear force
The carbon-14 isotope can be used to measure the ages of - ANSWER-organisms
The decay curve for a radioisotope plots - ANSWER-percent remaining vs. elapsed time
with Complete Solutions
A fusion process that takes place in the sun involves: - ANSWER-hydrogen forming
helium + energy
A positron has the same mass as - ANSWER-an electron
After four half-lives, _____ of the radioisotope remains - ANSWER-6.25%
All of the following are problems associated with the use of radiation for cancer
treatment except
a.)healthy tissue might be destroyed
b.)some cancer cells can become resistant
c.)there are no good radionuclides to use
d.)not all the cancer cells may be killed - ANSWER-c.) there are no good radionuclides
to use
Radiation treatment is risky because some healthy cells are also killed, and cells at the
center of a cancerous tumor can become resistant to the radiation.
All of the following statements about nuclear reactions are true except
a.)the nucleus gains stability by undergoing a reaction
b.) pressure affects nuclear reactions
c.)temperature does not affect a nuclear reaction
d.)energies released in nuclear reactions are much larger than energies in chemical
reactions. - ANSWER-b.) pressure affects nuclear reactions
An alpha particle is a - ANSWER-He nucleus with two protons and two neutrons
An example of a transuranium element is - ANSWER-curium
Average exposure to background radiation is - ANSWER-0.1 rem/yr
Complete the following decay reaction:
222/88 Ra --> 4/2 He+ ?
/ = over - ANSWER-?= 218/86
, Complete the following reaction:
9/4Be + 4/2He ---> ? + 1/n
/ = over - ANSWER-? = 12/6
Einstein's equation states - ANSWER-E = mc2
Albert Einstein showed that mass and energy are interconvertible according to his
famous equation, E = mc2.
How does a film badge detect radiation? - ANSWER-The radiation fogs the film and
creates dark places where the exposure has taken place. The amount of fogging
is related to the amount of radiation exposure.
In beta decay the following occurs: - ANSWER-atomic number increases by one
No stable nuclides exist beyond the element - ANSWER-82-Pb
Nuclear radiation provides all the following benefits except
a.)killing food bacteria
b.)protecting crops from pesticide damage
c.)killing insects in food
d.)measuring fertilizer usage by plants - ANSWER-b.) protecting crops from pesticide
damage
Nuclear reactions - ANSWER-cause one nuclide to change into another nuclide
One disadvantage of using fusion reactions for energy is - ANSWER-high temperatures
needed for fusion reactions
One of the following does not serve as a particle for carrying out artificial transmutation
a.) electrons
b.) protons
c.) neutrons
d.)alpha particles - ANSWER-a.) electrons
Radioactive decay takes place more rapidly for - ANSWER-less stable nuclei
The ________ holds the nuclei of atoms together - ANSWER-strong nuclear force
The carbon-14 isotope can be used to measure the ages of - ANSWER-organisms
The decay curve for a radioisotope plots - ANSWER-percent remaining vs. elapsed time
