Electro Info Test 30 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+.

Electro Info Test 30 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ The functional state of an athlete is a. indicative of neuromuscular readiness for performance b. independent of prior training c. best expressed as a team average d. not useful for making accurate, individualized training decisions - Answer: a. indicative of neuromuscular readiness for performance In sport, electroencephalography is used to a. assess bioelectrical activity of the nerves and muscles b. generate a composite image of brain structures c. apply mild electrical shocks to regions of the brain linked with athletic performance d. record and analyze the electrical activity of the brain during different functional states - Answer: d. record and analyze the electrical activity of the brain during different functional states Brainwaves are the result of a. asynchronous neuronal activity in the brain b. blood flow in and out of brain regions c. synchronized neuronal activity in the brain d. random neuronal firings representing spontaneous thought - Answer: c. synchronized neuronal activity in the brain Which of the following traits is not used for describing brainwaves? a. oscillatory speed b. amplitude c. neuronal variation d. phase - Answer: c. neuronal variation The primary advantage of encephalography over other brain imaging technologies is a. its high spatial resolution b. its high temporal resolution c. its ability to record thought d. the fact that it is the oldest and most well-known brain imaging technique - Answer: b. its high temporal resolution In general, voltage is a measure of a. difference in electrical output between two time points b. difference in electrical potential between two points c. difference in electrical activity between different brain regions d. difference in bioelectric feedback between two points - Answer: b. difference in electrical potential between two points In electroencephalography, voltage primarily reflects a. the summed charges of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) created by the firing of many motor neurons b. the summed charges of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) created by the firing of many interneurons c. the summed charges of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) created by the firing of many pyramidal neurons d. the summed charges of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) created by the firing of many pyramidal neurons - Answer: d. the summed charges of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) created by the firing of many pyramidal neurons The passing of the electrical signal from its source in the brain tissue through layers of the skull is known as a. impedance b. volume conduction c. layer conduction d. signal transduction - Answer: b. volume conduction Wet electrodes improve signal conductivity by a. increasing impedance b. improving adhesion to the skin c. reducing air pockets d. increasing volume conduction - Answer: c. reducing air pockets Which of the following is not a common technique for creating a reference voltage when conducting electroencephalography? a. taking the standard deviation of voltage across all electrode placements b. placing a reference electrode on the mastoid bone c. averaging the voltage across all electrode placements d. placing a reference electrode on the ear lobe - Answer: a. taking the standard deviation of voltage across all electrode placements A sport scientist is setting up an electroencephalography system for use with an athlete and hopes to use the maximum number of electrodes that are available, which happens to be 256. The sport scientist will want to place electrodes according to the a. 10-10 system b. 20-10 system c. 10-5 system d. 10-20 system - Answer: c. 10-5 system For electroencephalography, the minimum acceptable sampling rate should be _______ times the highest brainwave frequency of interest. a. 2.5 b. 10 c. 3 d. 1.5 - Answer: a. 2.5 During electroencephalography, vertical and horizontal electrooculograms are used to a. capture and filter out eye movements b. capture and filter out artifacts generated by muscle movements c. monitor neural activity associated with heart rate and heart rate variability d. improve capacitive conduction - Answer: a. capture and filter out eye movements Which of the following is true of independent component analysis? a. It is a type of low-pass filter. b. It is a type of high-pass filter. c. It is a method of artifact removal. d. It can result in the elimination of considerably more data than simple epoch removal. - Answer: c. It is a method of artifact removal. During the data processing stage of electroencephalography, if all the signal or variance of a component appears to stem from a single electrode, it likely reflects a. a strong signal stemming from a specific brainwave frequency b. noise generated by eye movement c. noise generated by muscle movement d. an overactive brain region - Answer: c. noise generated by muscle movement Athletes experiencing flow states have been shown to demonstrate a. lower-powered frontal midline theta rhythm b. more powerful brain activity in the 20 to 25 Hz frequency range c. higher-power sensorimotor rhythm d. little to no phase delay - Answer: c. higher-power sensorimotor rhythm Which of the following is not true of the default mode network? a. It incorporates internal processing, self-referential thought, goal-directed stimulus, visual processing, speech production, and sensorimotor planning and execution. b. It spans various regions of the brain. c. It is composed of a series of resting state networks. d. It becomes dormant when not engaged in a goal-oriented task. - Answer: d. It becomes dormant when not engaged in a goal-oriented task. Which of the following is a powerful tool for training default mode network rhythms and other cortical rhythms in athletes? a. mindfulness meditation b. electroshock therapy c. Pilates d. hydrotherapy - Answer: a. mindfulness meditation In sport, electroneuromyography is a. a set of methods for assessing the state of the vascular system by recording bioelectrical activity of the nerves and muscles b. a set of methods for assessing the state of the central nervous system by recording bioelectrical activity of the brain c. a set of methods for assessing the state of the neuromuscular system by recording bioelectrical activity of the brain and spinal cord d. a set of methods for assessing the state of the neuromuscular system by recording bioelectrical activity of the nerves and muscles - Answer: d. a set of methods for assessing the state of the neuromuscular system by recording bioelectrical activity of the nerves and muscles Which of the following electroneuromyography techniques is the most widely used in sport science? a. surface electromyography b. needle electromyography c. stimulating electromyography d. wireless electromyography - Answer: a. surface electromyography The use of an active electrode in the zone of potential generation and a reference electrode placed outside the potential generation zone is referred to as a a. multipolar configuration b. bipolar configuration c. dielectrode configuration d. monopolar configuration - Answer: d. monopolar configuration Which of the following is not listed in the text as one of the four main types of noises in an electroneuromyography signal? a. motion noise b. crosstalk noise c. cardiogram noise d. electrical noise - Answer: c. cardiogram noise Surface electromyography recording sensors should be placed on the muscle-tendon junction in line with the muscle belly's midline. a. True b. False - Answer: b. False The amplitude and frequency of electrical potential recorded during surface electromyography represents a. the athlete's functional state b. acyclic motor activity c. the maximal voluntary contraction d. the magnitude of muscle contraction - Answer: d. the magnitude of muscle contraction The synchronized reflex response of motor units to electrical stimulation of sensory and afferent nerve fibers is known as the a. H-reflex b. M-wave c. stretch reflex d. synaptic reflex arc - Answer: a. H-reflex Inhibitory suppression of nontask-relevant muscular activity is known as a. regulation of excitation b. coordination c. protection d. cocontraction - Answer: b. coordination Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter? a. epinephrine b. glutamate c. acetylcholine d. gamma-aminobutyric acid - Answer: d. gamma-aminobutyric acid Neural inhibition is functionally synonymous with fatigue. a. True b. False - Answer: b. False The primary mechanism of autogenic inhibition is neural volleys from the ______, which help to _________. a. muscle spindles, enhance agonist activity b. Golgi tendon organ, prevent muscle damage c. Golgi tendon organ, inhibit antagonist activity d. muscle spindles, prevent muscle damage - Answer: b. Golgi tendon organ, prevent muscle damage Which phenomenon primarily functions to regulate all the afferent impulses traveling to neural centers in the spinal cord via the negative feedback principle? a. presynaptic inhibition b. postsynaptic inhibition c. nonreciprocal inhibition d. recurrent inhibition - Answer: a. presynaptic inhibition