NSG-434 Exam 2 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
mild dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔loss of less than 5% in infants and 3% in
children
moderate dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔loss of 5-10% in infants and 3-6%
in children
severe dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔loss of more than 10% in infants and
6% in older children
children are _ with moderate dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔irritable
children are __ with severe dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔lethargic
the earliest sign of dehydration in children is usually - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔tachycardia
clinical manifestations of fluid loss - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-change in LOC
-altered response to stimuli
-decreased skin turgor (won't be present in an infant)
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,-prolonged cap refill
-tachycardia
-sunken eyes and fontanels
-may not have tears when crying
lab tests for dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔serum bicarbonate
mild-moderate dehydration tx - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔oral rehydration with
Pedialyte
severe dehydration tx - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔IV fluids to expand fluid volume and
replace deficits
most pathogens that cause diarrhea are spread by: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the
fecal oral route
be cautious of pathogens spread through the fecal-oral route in
__________ - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔day care centers since there is close contact
what is the most important cause of serious gastroenteritis among children
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔rotavirus
most children are infected with ____ at least once by 5 years old -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔rotavirus
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PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,acute diarrhea - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔sudden increase in frequency and a
change in consistency of stools
chronic diarrhea - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔increase in stool frequency and
increased water content with a duration of >14 days
diarrhea care management - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-oral rehydration
-early reintroduction to normal diet
-education on s/s
-skin care to prevent excoriation
-edu regarding prevention
constipation is often associated with - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-painful bowel
movements
-blood streaked or retained stool
-abdominal pain
-lack of appetite
structural disorders causing constipation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Hirsphsprung's
disease and strictures
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PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, meds causing constipation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔antacids, diuretics,
antiepileptics, antihistamines, opioids, iron supplements
encopresis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔repeated and involuntary defecation in a child
older than 4
management of encopresis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-high fiber diet
-exercise
-reg toileting habits after meals
-stool softeners
-emotional support (help child feel in control)
Hirschsprung disease is most commonly observed in - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔neonates
hirschsprung disease in a neonate is characterized by - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔failure to pass meconium within 24-48hrs of birth, bilious vomiting
Hirschsprung disease in infancy and childhood is characterized by -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔-constipation
-recurrent diarrhea
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
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PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
mild dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔loss of less than 5% in infants and 3% in
children
moderate dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔loss of 5-10% in infants and 3-6%
in children
severe dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔loss of more than 10% in infants and
6% in older children
children are _ with moderate dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔irritable
children are __ with severe dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔lethargic
the earliest sign of dehydration in children is usually - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔tachycardia
clinical manifestations of fluid loss - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-change in LOC
-altered response to stimuli
-decreased skin turgor (won't be present in an infant)
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
1
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,-prolonged cap refill
-tachycardia
-sunken eyes and fontanels
-may not have tears when crying
lab tests for dehydration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔serum bicarbonate
mild-moderate dehydration tx - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔oral rehydration with
Pedialyte
severe dehydration tx - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔IV fluids to expand fluid volume and
replace deficits
most pathogens that cause diarrhea are spread by: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the
fecal oral route
be cautious of pathogens spread through the fecal-oral route in
__________ - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔day care centers since there is close contact
what is the most important cause of serious gastroenteritis among children
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔rotavirus
most children are infected with ____ at least once by 5 years old -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔rotavirus
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
2
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,acute diarrhea - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔sudden increase in frequency and a
change in consistency of stools
chronic diarrhea - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔increase in stool frequency and
increased water content with a duration of >14 days
diarrhea care management - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-oral rehydration
-early reintroduction to normal diet
-education on s/s
-skin care to prevent excoriation
-edu regarding prevention
constipation is often associated with - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-painful bowel
movements
-blood streaked or retained stool
-abdominal pain
-lack of appetite
structural disorders causing constipation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Hirsphsprung's
disease and strictures
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
3
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, meds causing constipation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔antacids, diuretics,
antiepileptics, antihistamines, opioids, iron supplements
encopresis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔repeated and involuntary defecation in a child
older than 4
management of encopresis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-high fiber diet
-exercise
-reg toileting habits after meals
-stool softeners
-emotional support (help child feel in control)
Hirschsprung disease is most commonly observed in - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔neonates
hirschsprung disease in a neonate is characterized by - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔failure to pass meconium within 24-48hrs of birth, bilious vomiting
Hirschsprung disease in infancy and childhood is characterized by -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔-constipation
-recurrent diarrhea
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
4
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
