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After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the
sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of
A) observational learning.
B) generalization.
C) operant conditioning.
D) spontaneous recovery. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔B) generalization
Comedian-writer Mark Malkoff reported that his fear of flying faded after he
faced his fear and lived on an airplane for 30 days. His reduction of fear
best illustrated the process of
A) operant conditioning.
B) extinction.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) generalization. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔B) extinction
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,If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze, they will
subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at
the end. Their good performance demonstrates
A) prosocial behavior
B) latent learning
C) intrinsic motivation
D) modeling - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔B) latent function
Positive reinforcers _______the rate of operant responding, and negative
reinforcers ______the rate of operant responding.
A) decrease; increase
B) increase; decrease
C) increase; increase
D) have no effect on; decrease - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔C) increase, increase
Mason, a stockholder, runs two miles every day after work because it
reduces his level of distress. Mason's running habit is maintained by a
_______ reinforcer.
A) positive
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, B) negative
C) conditioned
D) partial - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔B) negative
Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of
carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a
_______ schedule of reinforcement.
A) fixed-ratio
B) fixed-interval
C) variable-interval
D) variable-ratio - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A) fixed ratio
Dan and Joel, both 4-year-olds, have seen all the Spiderman movies.
Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to
try jumping across to the next roof. What best accounts for the boys'
behavior?
A) instinctive drift
B) observational learning
C) immediate reinforcement
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