OSCM 373 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+

OSCM 373 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+ Work Design - Answers Specifies the content and methods of jobs Objectives of Work Design - Answers Productivity Safety Quality of Work Efficiency School - Answers Job design that emphasizes systematic, logical approaches to job design Behavioral School - Answers Emphasizes the satisfaction of the needs and wants of the workers and employees Specialization - Answers Work that concentrates on one aspect of a product or service Pros of Specialization for Managers - Answers simplifies training, lowers wage costs, high productivity Pros of Specialization for Employees - Answers For Employees: low skill requirement, minimal responsibilities, little mental effort Cons of Specialization for Managers - Answers Difficult to motivate quality, threat of employee dissatisfaction Cons of Specialization for Employees - Answers boring work, limited opportunities to for advancements, little work control, little opportunity for self-improvement Job Enlargement - Answers giving a worker a larger portion of a task by horizontal loading Job Rotation - Answers workers periodically exchange jobs Job Enrichment - Answers increasing responsibility for planning and coordination tasks by vertical loading Standard Elemental Times - Answers work times derived from a firm's own historical time study data, which can be revisited in the future to determine the standard times for current tasks Predetermined Time Standards - Answers Involves the use of published data on standardized elemental times Steps in the Predetermined Time Standards Method - Answers 1. Divide jobs in to basic elements 2. Measure distances involved 3. Rate each element's difficulty 4. Refer to appropriate data tables to obtain time for that element Work Sampling - Answers Estimates proportions of time that a worker or a machine spends on various activities and idle time Steps in the Work Sampling Process - Answers 1. Identify the worker to be studied 2. Notify the worker and supervisor of the study and its purpose 3. Compute initial estimates of sample size n using estimate of p 4. Develop a random observation schedule. 5. Take observations and recalculate sample size as needed 6. Determine estimated proportion of time spent of specific activities Pros of Work Sampling - Answers 1. observations are spread out over time 2. there is little disruption of work 3. workers are less resentful 4. studies are cheap and short, and require less skill 5. studies can be interrupted 6. no timing device required 7. well suited to nonrepetitive tasks Cons of Work Sampling - Answers 1. Less detail on job elements 2. Works may alter patterns when they see the observer 3. no record of method used by the worker 4. observers may fail to adhere to random schedule of observations 5. not well suited to repetitive tasks 6. much time required to move from one workplace to another Stopwatch Time Studies - Answers Used to develop time standards based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles Stopwatch Time Study Process - Answers 1. Define task to be studied and inform worker 2. Determine number of cycles to observe 3. Time the job and rate the worker's performance 4. Compute the standard time Scheduling - Answers Timing the use of human activities, equipment, and facilities Forward Scheduling - Answers Scheduling ahead from one point in time; answer the question "How long will it take to complete this job?" Backwards Scheduling - Answers Scheduling backwards from a due date; answers the question, "When is the latest this job can be started and still be completed on time?" Infinite Loading - Answers Jobs are assigned to workstations without regard to capacity of the center; may cause overloads Finite loading - Answers jobs are assigned to work centers taking into account the work center