TESOL, Chapter 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
listening - CORRECT ANSWER - a complex process that allows us to understand spoken
language
bottom-up processing - CORRECT ANSWER - in which learners attend to data in the
incoming speech signals
top-down processing - CORRECT ANSWER - in which listeners utilise prior knowledge
and expectations to create meaning
both bottom-up and top-down processing take place at - CORRECT ANSWER - various
levels of cognitive organisation
various levels of cognitive organisation - CORRECT ANSWER - phonological,
grammatical, lexical and propositional
parallel-processing model - CORRECT ANSWER - representations at these various levels
create activation at other levels, the entire network of interactions serves to produce a 'best
match' that fits all of the levels
Listening began to assume an important role in language teaching during - CORRECT
ANSWER - the late nineteenth-century Reform Movement
linguists sought to - CORRECT ANSWER - elaborate a psychological theory of child
language acquisition and apply it to the teaching of foreign languages
Bloomfield, 'oral approach' - CORRECT ANSWER - 'one learns to understand and speak a
language primarily by hearing and imitating native speakers'
, audiolingual method - CORRECT ANSWER - American linguists, 1940s, learners could
be 'trained' through intensive, structured and graded input to change their hearing 'habits'
situational approaches, the UK - CORRECT ANSWER - Firth and his contemporaries, 'the
context of situation' rather than linguistic units themselves determined the meaning of utterances
Chomsky - CORRECT ANSWER - innatist views, notion of the meaning-seaking mind
and the concept of a 'natural approach' to language learning, notion of language competence
Chomsky's perspective suggests that the human mind is pre-equipped with a set of linguistic
constraints, often referred to as "universal grammar." This framework provides a common
structural foundation across all languages, despite their apparent differences.
natural approach - CORRECT ANSWER - the learner works from an internal syllabus and
requires input data to construct the target language system
Hymes - CORRECT ANSWER - notion of 'communicative competence', a better
understanding of how language is used is crucial
'communicative competence' - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability to achieve
communicative goals in a socially appropriate manner
individual's ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various contexts,
encompassing all aspects of language, including social and cognitive abilities, beyond just
grammar rules.
in the late 1960s and early 1970's - CORRECT ANSWER - applied linguists recognised
that listening was the primary channel by which the learner gains access to L2 'data', and that it
therefore serves as the trigger for acquisitions
SLA - CORRECT ANSWER - second language acquisition
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
listening - CORRECT ANSWER - a complex process that allows us to understand spoken
language
bottom-up processing - CORRECT ANSWER - in which learners attend to data in the
incoming speech signals
top-down processing - CORRECT ANSWER - in which listeners utilise prior knowledge
and expectations to create meaning
both bottom-up and top-down processing take place at - CORRECT ANSWER - various
levels of cognitive organisation
various levels of cognitive organisation - CORRECT ANSWER - phonological,
grammatical, lexical and propositional
parallel-processing model - CORRECT ANSWER - representations at these various levels
create activation at other levels, the entire network of interactions serves to produce a 'best
match' that fits all of the levels
Listening began to assume an important role in language teaching during - CORRECT
ANSWER - the late nineteenth-century Reform Movement
linguists sought to - CORRECT ANSWER - elaborate a psychological theory of child
language acquisition and apply it to the teaching of foreign languages
Bloomfield, 'oral approach' - CORRECT ANSWER - 'one learns to understand and speak a
language primarily by hearing and imitating native speakers'
, audiolingual method - CORRECT ANSWER - American linguists, 1940s, learners could
be 'trained' through intensive, structured and graded input to change their hearing 'habits'
situational approaches, the UK - CORRECT ANSWER - Firth and his contemporaries, 'the
context of situation' rather than linguistic units themselves determined the meaning of utterances
Chomsky - CORRECT ANSWER - innatist views, notion of the meaning-seaking mind
and the concept of a 'natural approach' to language learning, notion of language competence
Chomsky's perspective suggests that the human mind is pre-equipped with a set of linguistic
constraints, often referred to as "universal grammar." This framework provides a common
structural foundation across all languages, despite their apparent differences.
natural approach - CORRECT ANSWER - the learner works from an internal syllabus and
requires input data to construct the target language system
Hymes - CORRECT ANSWER - notion of 'communicative competence', a better
understanding of how language is used is crucial
'communicative competence' - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability to achieve
communicative goals in a socially appropriate manner
individual's ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various contexts,
encompassing all aspects of language, including social and cognitive abilities, beyond just
grammar rules.
in the late 1960s and early 1970's - CORRECT ANSWER - applied linguists recognised
that listening was the primary channel by which the learner gains access to L2 'data', and that it
therefore serves as the trigger for acquisitions
SLA - CORRECT ANSWER - second language acquisition
