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Natuurkunde Havo 3, Radioactiviteit! Deze samenvatting gaat over de bouw van atomen, kernverval en halveringstijd.

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Het is een samenvatting van hoofdstuk 9 radioactiviteit. Havo 3 niveau.

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Hoofdstuk 9 Radioactiviteit


9.1 De bouw van atomen

Atomen en atoombouw
- Atomen bestaan uit allerlei kleine deeltjes.
- Elk atoom heeft een Atoomkern dit bestaat uit:
- Positief geladen deeltjes ( protonen)
- Neutraal geladen deeltjes (neutronen)




-Om de kern heen zit een wolk met
negatieve deeltjes (elektronen)

-Atoom is altijd neutraal ( evenveel protonen als elektronen)
- Niet gelijk p+e dan is het geen atoom maar een Ion

Voorbeeld:
waterstof (H) : atoomnummer is 1
dus 1 proton in de kern om dit neutraal te maken moet er ook 1 elektron
om de kern heen bewegen

-​ Aantal protonen in een atoom: atoomnummer staan in (periodiek
systeem)


Massagetal
-​ Aantal protonen + neutronen is massagetal

Voorbeeld:

Fluor heeft een massagetal van 19 ( 9 protonen)
n+p= massa
19-9 p= 10 neutronen

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