BI 121 Exam 1 – GRCC Questions with
Complete Solutions
Atoms are with filled valence shells are stable/inert; they will no longer form chemical bonds
What are atoms with filled valence shells?
Ionic Bonds Electrons are accepted or donated
The resulting atom in called an ion
e.g., NaCl
Covalent Bonds Electron pairs are shared
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds Both atoms exert equal pull on the shared electrons
Polar Covelent Bonds One atom exerts more pull on the shared electrons due to its extra
proton(s)
e.g., H2O
, Hydrogen Bonds The slightly postive hydrogen in a polarmolecule forms a weak bond
with nitrogen and oxygen
No electrons actually shared
e.g., bonding in water, tertiary structure in proteins
Reactants Chemicals being changed by a reaction
[Na + Cl] = NaCl
Products Chemicals produced by a reaction
Na + Cl = [NaCl]
Synthesis Reaction Production of a more complex molecule than either of the reactants
Occurs during anabolic physiological processes
A + B ----------> AB Synthesis Reaction
Decomposition Reaction Product is a less complex molecule than either reactant
Occurs during catablic physiological processes
Complete Solutions
Atoms are with filled valence shells are stable/inert; they will no longer form chemical bonds
What are atoms with filled valence shells?
Ionic Bonds Electrons are accepted or donated
The resulting atom in called an ion
e.g., NaCl
Covalent Bonds Electron pairs are shared
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds Both atoms exert equal pull on the shared electrons
Polar Covelent Bonds One atom exerts more pull on the shared electrons due to its extra
proton(s)
e.g., H2O
, Hydrogen Bonds The slightly postive hydrogen in a polarmolecule forms a weak bond
with nitrogen and oxygen
No electrons actually shared
e.g., bonding in water, tertiary structure in proteins
Reactants Chemicals being changed by a reaction
[Na + Cl] = NaCl
Products Chemicals produced by a reaction
Na + Cl = [NaCl]
Synthesis Reaction Production of a more complex molecule than either of the reactants
Occurs during anabolic physiological processes
A + B ----------> AB Synthesis Reaction
Decomposition Reaction Product is a less complex molecule than either reactant
Occurs during catablic physiological processes
