560D Clinical Biochemistry UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which of the following factors can increase likelihood of getting iron deficiency anemia?
a. All of these responses can increase the risk of getting iron deficiency anemia
b. Heavy menstruation
c. Celiac disease
d. Deficiency of copper - CORRECT ANSWER - a. All of these responses can increase the
risk of getting iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease can be caused from prolonged inflammation (IL-6, cytokines,
infection), which increases level of __________________ to sequester iron in tissues so germs
can't use the iron to reproduce.
a. Hepcidin
b. Aconitase
c. Vitamin B12
d. Folic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Hepcidin
What are the four conditionally essential amino acids?
a. Arg, Gln, Gly, Tau
b. Arg, Gln, Gly, Ser
c. Arg, Glu, Gly, Tau
d. Arg, Glu, Gly, Ser - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Arg, Gln, Gly, Tau
Mutations in the SN1-SN2 transporter can lead to elevations in what 3 AA?
a. Gln, Asn, His
b. Glu, Asn, His
c. Glu, Asp, His
,d. Gln, Asp, His - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Gln, Asn, His
The central energy pathways begin with digestion and assimilation of fats, carbohydrates, and
proteins. Long chain FA require the use of the _________________ shuttle to help them enter the
mitochondrial for beta-oxidation.
a. Carnitine
b. Malate
c. Aspartate
d. Carnosine - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Carnitine
Inhibition of CoQ10 synthesis from statin drugs, will typically reveal elevations in
urinary_____________________.
a. Hydroxymethylglutarate
b. Hydroxymethylbutyrate
c. Hydroxymethylpropionate
d. Hydroxymethylsuccinate - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Hydroxymethylglutarate
When considering toxic exposures, through what barriers and routes of entry can lipophilic (fat
loving) toxins be absorbed?
a. All of these responses
b. Through the GI tract
c. Through the skin
d. Through the lymphatics
e. In utero - CORRECT ANSWER - a. All of these responses
One of the phthalate esters used in plastic wrap to cover foods can lead to decreased kidney
function, increased cysts, increased peroxisome proliferation and even liver cancer in rats. This is
a concern to humans because ________________ is used in plastic tubing for hemodialysis.
a. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
b. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP)
, c. Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
d. Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
(DEHP)
What does the Fenton Reaction do? - CORRECT ANSWER - It forms the toxic hydroxyl
radical, a form of reactive oxygen species, which causes lipid peroxidation and formation of
other free radicals
What does DMT-1 transport, and what would be the impact of an excess of any of these metals? -
CORRECT ANSWER - DMT-1 transports iron, zinc, copper, and manganese. Excess can
inhibit absorption of the other metals
How would antacids and H2 blockers interfere with iron absorption? - CORRECT
ANSWER - DMT-1 requires H+, which comes from stomach acid
Deficiency of which nutrients increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Vitamin C and copper
What is the only active and functional porphyrin in the heme synthesis pathway? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Protoporphyrin IX
Where is heme synthesis most pronounced? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone marrow and liver
What does Protoporphyrin IX convert to when heme is added? - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron
What natural constituent non-enzymatically oxidizes porphyrinogens into porphyrins and what
part of the porphyrinogen structure is oxidized? - CORRECT ANSWER - Porphyrinogens are
unstable and light oxidizes them into porphyrins by oxidizing the four methylene bridges
What enzyme controls the rate limiting step of heme synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA synthase)
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which of the following factors can increase likelihood of getting iron deficiency anemia?
a. All of these responses can increase the risk of getting iron deficiency anemia
b. Heavy menstruation
c. Celiac disease
d. Deficiency of copper - CORRECT ANSWER - a. All of these responses can increase the
risk of getting iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease can be caused from prolonged inflammation (IL-6, cytokines,
infection), which increases level of __________________ to sequester iron in tissues so germs
can't use the iron to reproduce.
a. Hepcidin
b. Aconitase
c. Vitamin B12
d. Folic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Hepcidin
What are the four conditionally essential amino acids?
a. Arg, Gln, Gly, Tau
b. Arg, Gln, Gly, Ser
c. Arg, Glu, Gly, Tau
d. Arg, Glu, Gly, Ser - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Arg, Gln, Gly, Tau
Mutations in the SN1-SN2 transporter can lead to elevations in what 3 AA?
a. Gln, Asn, His
b. Glu, Asn, His
c. Glu, Asp, His
,d. Gln, Asp, His - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Gln, Asn, His
The central energy pathways begin with digestion and assimilation of fats, carbohydrates, and
proteins. Long chain FA require the use of the _________________ shuttle to help them enter the
mitochondrial for beta-oxidation.
a. Carnitine
b. Malate
c. Aspartate
d. Carnosine - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Carnitine
Inhibition of CoQ10 synthesis from statin drugs, will typically reveal elevations in
urinary_____________________.
a. Hydroxymethylglutarate
b. Hydroxymethylbutyrate
c. Hydroxymethylpropionate
d. Hydroxymethylsuccinate - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Hydroxymethylglutarate
When considering toxic exposures, through what barriers and routes of entry can lipophilic (fat
loving) toxins be absorbed?
a. All of these responses
b. Through the GI tract
c. Through the skin
d. Through the lymphatics
e. In utero - CORRECT ANSWER - a. All of these responses
One of the phthalate esters used in plastic wrap to cover foods can lead to decreased kidney
function, increased cysts, increased peroxisome proliferation and even liver cancer in rats. This is
a concern to humans because ________________ is used in plastic tubing for hemodialysis.
a. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
b. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP)
, c. Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
d. Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) - CORRECT ANSWER - a. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
(DEHP)
What does the Fenton Reaction do? - CORRECT ANSWER - It forms the toxic hydroxyl
radical, a form of reactive oxygen species, which causes lipid peroxidation and formation of
other free radicals
What does DMT-1 transport, and what would be the impact of an excess of any of these metals? -
CORRECT ANSWER - DMT-1 transports iron, zinc, copper, and manganese. Excess can
inhibit absorption of the other metals
How would antacids and H2 blockers interfere with iron absorption? - CORRECT
ANSWER - DMT-1 requires H+, which comes from stomach acid
Deficiency of which nutrients increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Vitamin C and copper
What is the only active and functional porphyrin in the heme synthesis pathway? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Protoporphyrin IX
Where is heme synthesis most pronounced? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone marrow and liver
What does Protoporphyrin IX convert to when heme is added? - CORRECT ANSWER - Iron
What natural constituent non-enzymatically oxidizes porphyrinogens into porphyrins and what
part of the porphyrinogen structure is oxidized? - CORRECT ANSWER - Porphyrinogens are
unstable and light oxidizes them into porphyrins by oxidizing the four methylene bridges
What enzyme controls the rate limiting step of heme synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA synthase)
