Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ A client who takes sodium-depleting drugs (diuretics) is started with lithium. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of medication education? - Answer: "I should report any palpitations, hand tremors, and/or confusion to my provider." Which of these medications might increase tremors in a client with Parkinson's disease? - Answer: Traditional antipsychotic How would the nurse interpret the statement that medication has a twelve-hour half-life? - Answer: Twelve hours is the time it takes for half of the medication to be metabolized away A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a hospitalized client who has been taking lithium for three days. The client is complaining of mild nausea, fatigue and dry. Mouth. The clients lithium level is. 0.8mEq/mL. What is the nurse's best response? - Answer: Administer the dose and tell the client the expected side effects are temporary A client experiencing alcohol withdrawal is given a benzodiazepine. Why is this drug effective in this situation? - Answer: Benzodiazepines suppress symptoms brought on by alcohol abstinence A teenager was brought into the emergency room following a lorazepam overdose. What antidote would the nurse expect to administer? - Answer: Flumazenil What discharge teaching should a client with epilepsy receive when starting clonazepam three times daily? (Select all that apply.) - Answer: -Sudden withdrawal from benzodiazepines may include seizures, anxiety, insomnia, sweating, tremors, and dizziness. d) -Tolerance can develop over time and lead to the need for higher doses. -Do not try to taper yourself off this medication without physician guidance A client with dementia is being started on donepezil. Which of these side effects should the nurse anticipate? - Answer: Diarrhea A nurse is preparing to administer a drug. Upon reading the medication guide, the nurse notes that the drug has been linked to symptoms of Parkinson's disease in some clients. What will the nurse do? - Answer: Observe the client for such symptoms and report to the provider as needed The nurse has given 800mg of a drug that has an 8-hour half-life. How much of the drug will remain in the client's body 24 hours after administration if no additional drug is given? - Answer: 100 mg A client with Alzheimer's dementia is about to begin therapy with donepezil. What cholinergic side effects would the nurse anticipate and report to the provider? - Answer: GI upset Following head trauma, a five-year-old child who weighs 44 pounds is receiving 50mg of phenytoin every eight hours. How many kilograms does this child weigh? - Answer: 20 kg A caregiver of an actively psychotic, violent noncompliant client is wondering why an atypical antipsychotic cannot be started right away, instead of a traditional neuroleptic. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? - Answer: "Haloperidol works quickly in a crisis. A switch could be an eventual goal." A client tells their provider they have had difficulty sleeping for six months. They are requesting a sleep aid to take as needed. Which medication would the nurse anticipate the provider to order? - Answer: Alprazolam A client has been taking fluoxetine for two years and reports feeling cured of depression. The nurse learns the client is sleeping well, participates in usual activities, feels upbeat and energetic most of the time, and their weight has returned to normal. The client reports last having symptoms of depression at least nine months ago. What is the nurse's best response? - Answer: Discuss the gradual withdrawal of the medication with the provider. What must the nurse include in the discharge teaching of a young woman going home on phenytoin? - Answer: Phenytoin can cause teratogenic effects and interferes with birth control. A client is receiving lamotrigine as a treatment for partial seizures. Which assessment finding will lead the nurse to stop the drug and notify the provider immediately? - Answer: Rash A client asks what will happen if they don't avoid tyramine rich foods while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). How should the nurse respond? - Answer: A hypertensive crisis A client asks what is meant by the statement "tolerance can occur when taking anxiolytics." How should the nurse respond? - Answer: Higher levels of medication are needed to achieve the expected effect. A client with schizophrenia who is taking olanzapine was started on chlorpromazine for hiccups. Now he is experiencing high fever, unstable blood pressure - Answer: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome The provider ordered diazepam 2.5 mg IM stat. Available is diazepam 5 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse administer? (Record answer to the nearest tenth, or one decimal) - Answer: 0.5ml Which of the following would be least likely to occur during the assessment phase of the nursing process for drug therapy? - Answer: Developing outcomes for effective responses to drug therapy A client took an overdose of a tricyclic antidepressant. What adverse effects would the nurse expect? (Select all that apply. - Answer: Sleepiness Constipation Tachycardia A client taking phenytoin suddenly develops hives. What is the best explanation for this occurrence and the nurse's best response? - Answer: An allergic response and the medication should be stopped After administering a medication to a client, the client complains of an upset stomach. The nurse interprets this as a negative effect of the drug and identifies it as which of the following? - Answer: Side effect The provider orders lisdexamfetamine. What findings would most concern the nurse? - Answer: Shortness of breath The nurse is administering valproic acid to a client for seizures and finds a serum range for valproic acid of 130 mcg/mL. What does the nurse anticipate the provider will - Answer: Decrease the dose. A client is taking a first-generation antipsychotic medication, and the nurse notes the client has trouble speaking and chewing and observes slow, worm-like movements of the client's tongue adverse effect is occurring? - Answer: Tardive dyskinesia The nurse should include which intervention in the care-plan of a client taking lithium? - Answer: Report impaired coordination and tremors A client currently taking a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) comes to the clinic for evaluation. The client presents with a shuffling gait and mild tremors. Which order would the nurse expect - Answer: Order an anticholinergic medication A nurse provides teaching for a client, newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the drug therapy for this disease? - Answer: "A levodopa/carbidopa combination is used to improve motor function." If the handwritten orders of a provider are illegible, what should the nurse do? - Answer: Contact the provider to clarify the order A client taking interferon beta-1a reports feeling depressed. Which action by the nurse is correct? - Answer: Notify the provider of these symptoms The nurse is teaching the spouse of a client with dementia about cholinesterase inhibitors. Which statement by the spouse indicates a need for further teaching? - Answer: "This drug stops the progression of the disease." A nurse would know that further teaching is needed if the parents of a child taking methylphenidate make which of these statements? - Answer: "It is best to give this medication at bedtime." The nurse would know to assess for extrapyramidal effects in any client taking which of these types of medications? - Answer: Traditional neuroleptics A client taking levodopa/carbidopa reports feeling lightheaded and dizzy, especially when standing up from a sitting position. What will the nurse expect the provider to recommend for this client - Answer: Increasing salt and water intake A client is taking a medication with a half-life of 24 hours. What is the anticipated dosing schedule that would be prescribed for this drug? - Answer: Daily An agitated, extremely anxious client is brought to the emergency department, and the provider orders alprazolam. Why is this medication appropriate for this situation? - Answer: Alprazolam has a rapid onset of action. A client is given a new medication and reports nausea within an hour after taking the drug. The nurse consults the nursing drug reference and learns that nausea is not an expected adverse effect of this drug what should the nurse do next? - Answer: Hold the drug and notify the provider of the client's symptoms prior to the next scheduled dose. A client with a seizure disorder is admitted to the hospital and has a partial convulsive episode shortly after arriving on the unit. The client has been taking phenyotin 8.6 mcg/mL. What will the nurse anticipate the provider will order? - Answer: Increased dose of phenytoin What occurs when a drug binds to a receptor in the body? - Answer: It prevents the action of the receptor by altering its response to chemical mediators Why is intravenous diazepam used in the treatment of status epilepticus? - Answer: The medication resolves continual seizures rapidly with no loading dose required Which client would the nurse consider as having the highest predisposition to an adverse reaction to a medication? - Answer: 40-year-old man with kidney disease A client is being treated with interferon beta-1a and calls the clinic to report headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches after administering a dose. What will the nurse expect the provider to order? - Answer: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen A child diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder begins taking a central nervous system stimulant. Which statement by the child's parent indicates a need for further teaching? - Answer: This drug will make my child more impulsive while at school." Which side effects of a cholinesterase inhibitor drug would most concern the nurse? - Answer: Symptomatic bradycardia that may lead to fainting A nurse consults a nursing drug reference before giving a medication to an 80-year-old client. The reference states that older adult clients are at increased risk of hepatic side effects. Which of the following is the next action for the nurse? - Answer: Contact the provider to discuss the need to have labs done to check liver function A client reportedly overdosed on phenobarbital, what medication would the nurse expect to administer? - Answer: Activated charcoal