NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2025/ 2026
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
How does blood flow through the heart? - ANSWER
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV)
→Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary
Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L.
Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve
→ Aorta → Body
What is systole? - ANSWER Contraction of the heart which
pumps blood
Diastole - ANSWER Relaxation of the heart
,What produces S1 and S2 sound? - ANSWER closing of the
heart valves
What produces S1? - ANSWER The mitral and tricuspid
valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? - ANSWER The closing of the
aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER the volume of blood
pumped out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume? - ANSWER amount of blood
pumped out by each ventricle with contraction
, What determines cardiac output? - ANSWER stroke volume
and heart rate
What is preload? - ANSWER the degree of stretch on the
heart before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure,
amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload? - ANSWER resistance left ventricle must
overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility? - ANSWER Normal ability of muscle to
contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? -
ANSWER Decreased
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
How does blood flow through the heart? - ANSWER
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV)
→Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary
Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L.
Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve
→ Aorta → Body
What is systole? - ANSWER Contraction of the heart which
pumps blood
Diastole - ANSWER Relaxation of the heart
,What produces S1 and S2 sound? - ANSWER closing of the
heart valves
What produces S1? - ANSWER The mitral and tricuspid
valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? - ANSWER The closing of the
aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER the volume of blood
pumped out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume? - ANSWER amount of blood
pumped out by each ventricle with contraction
, What determines cardiac output? - ANSWER stroke volume
and heart rate
What is preload? - ANSWER the degree of stretch on the
heart before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure,
amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload? - ANSWER resistance left ventricle must
overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility? - ANSWER Normal ability of muscle to
contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? -
ANSWER Decreased
