BONTRAGER CH 9 SELF
TEST/WORKBOOK EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular processes
is called the __________________________. - ANSWER-Pars interarticularis
The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form the: - ANSWER-
Intervertebral foramina
Which radiographic position best demonstrates the Intervertebral foramina -
ANSWER-Lateral position
The small foramina found in the sacrum are called - ANSWER-pelvis sacral foramina
The anterior and superior aspect of the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the
pelvic inlet is called the __________________________. - ANSWER-promontory
What is another term for the sacral horns - ANSWER-cornua
The sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of __________________________
degrees to the coronal plane. - ANSWER-30
What is the formal term for the "tailbone" - ANSWER-coccyx
What is the name of the superior broad aspect of the coccyx - ANSWER-base
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Left posterior oblique (LPO): - ANSWER-LEFT zygapophyseal joint
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Right anterior oblique (RAO): - ANSWER-LEFT zygapophyseal joint
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Lateral: - ANSWER-Intervertebral Foramina
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Right posterior oblique (RPO): RIGHT zygapophyseal joint -
ANSWER-
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Left anterior oblique (LAO): - ANSWER-RIGHT zygapophyseal joint
The degree of obliquity required for an oblique projection at the T12-L1 level is
approximately ______________, whereas the L5-S1 spine level requires a(n)
______________ oblique. Therefore, a(n) ______________ oblique is performed for
the general lumbar spine. - ANSWER-50, 30, 45
, ASIS - ANSWER-S1-S2
Xiphoid process - ANSWER-T9-T10
Lower costal margin - ANSWER-L2-L3
Iliac crest - ANSWER-L4-L5
Symphysis pubis - ANSWER-Prominence of greater trochanter
- ANSWER-
True/False: The use of higher kV and lower mA seconds (mAs) for lumbar spine
radiography improves radiographic contrast but increases patient dose. - ANSWER-
False
True/False: Placing a lead blocker mat behind the patient for lateral lumbar spine
positions improves image quality. - ANSWER-True
True/False: Gonadal shielding should always be used for male and female patients
for studies of the lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx. - ANSWER-False (not used for
females if shield obscure essential anatomy)
True/False: The anteroposterior (AP) projection of the lumbar spine opens the
intervertebral joint spaces better than the posteroanterior (PA) projection. -
ANSWER-False (PA opens intervertebral joint spaces better)
Which set of zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine is best demonstrated with an
LAO position - ANSWER-Right
How much rotation of the spine is required to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint
space between L1-L2 - ANSWER-50 from plane of table
Describe the body build that might require central ray angulation to open the
intervertebral joint spaces with a lateral projection of the lumbar spine, even if the
patient has some support under the waist. - ANSWER-Wide pelvis, narrow thorax
What type of central ray angulation should be used for the lateral L5-S1 projection if
the waist is not supported - ANSWER-5 to 8 degrees caudad
For the lateral L5-S1 projection, the CR is parallel to the ______________ plane. -
ANSWER-Interiliac
Where is the central ray centered for an AP axial projection for L5-S1 - ANSWER-
1.5" inferior to iliac crest AND 2" posterior ASIS
True/False: A kV range of 90 to 100 kV can be used for a lateral L5-S1 projection
when using a digital imaging system. - ANSWER-True (higher kV for digital)
TEST/WORKBOOK EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular processes
is called the __________________________. - ANSWER-Pars interarticularis
The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form the: - ANSWER-
Intervertebral foramina
Which radiographic position best demonstrates the Intervertebral foramina -
ANSWER-Lateral position
The small foramina found in the sacrum are called - ANSWER-pelvis sacral foramina
The anterior and superior aspect of the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the
pelvic inlet is called the __________________________. - ANSWER-promontory
What is another term for the sacral horns - ANSWER-cornua
The sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of __________________________
degrees to the coronal plane. - ANSWER-30
What is the formal term for the "tailbone" - ANSWER-coccyx
What is the name of the superior broad aspect of the coccyx - ANSWER-base
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Left posterior oblique (LPO): - ANSWER-LEFT zygapophyseal joint
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Right anterior oblique (RAO): - ANSWER-LEFT zygapophyseal joint
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Lateral: - ANSWER-Intervertebral Foramina
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Right posterior oblique (RPO): RIGHT zygapophyseal joint -
ANSWER-
List the specific joints or foramina that are demonstrated with the following lumbar
spine positions. Left anterior oblique (LAO): - ANSWER-RIGHT zygapophyseal joint
The degree of obliquity required for an oblique projection at the T12-L1 level is
approximately ______________, whereas the L5-S1 spine level requires a(n)
______________ oblique. Therefore, a(n) ______________ oblique is performed for
the general lumbar spine. - ANSWER-50, 30, 45
, ASIS - ANSWER-S1-S2
Xiphoid process - ANSWER-T9-T10
Lower costal margin - ANSWER-L2-L3
Iliac crest - ANSWER-L4-L5
Symphysis pubis - ANSWER-Prominence of greater trochanter
- ANSWER-
True/False: The use of higher kV and lower mA seconds (mAs) for lumbar spine
radiography improves radiographic contrast but increases patient dose. - ANSWER-
False
True/False: Placing a lead blocker mat behind the patient for lateral lumbar spine
positions improves image quality. - ANSWER-True
True/False: Gonadal shielding should always be used for male and female patients
for studies of the lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx. - ANSWER-False (not used for
females if shield obscure essential anatomy)
True/False: The anteroposterior (AP) projection of the lumbar spine opens the
intervertebral joint spaces better than the posteroanterior (PA) projection. -
ANSWER-False (PA opens intervertebral joint spaces better)
Which set of zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine is best demonstrated with an
LAO position - ANSWER-Right
How much rotation of the spine is required to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint
space between L1-L2 - ANSWER-50 from plane of table
Describe the body build that might require central ray angulation to open the
intervertebral joint spaces with a lateral projection of the lumbar spine, even if the
patient has some support under the waist. - ANSWER-Wide pelvis, narrow thorax
What type of central ray angulation should be used for the lateral L5-S1 projection if
the waist is not supported - ANSWER-5 to 8 degrees caudad
For the lateral L5-S1 projection, the CR is parallel to the ______________ plane. -
ANSWER-Interiliac
Where is the central ray centered for an AP axial projection for L5-S1 - ANSWER-
1.5" inferior to iliac crest AND 2" posterior ASIS
True/False: A kV range of 90 to 100 kV can be used for a lateral L5-S1 projection
when using a digital imaging system. - ANSWER-True (higher kV for digital)
