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Chemistry class 12th Transition_Metal_Ion_Colors

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The colors of transition metal ions arise from electronic transitions within the d-orbitals, influenced by the metal’s oxidation state, ligand type, and coordination environment. In these ions, partially filled d-orbitals allow for d-d transitions, where electrons absorb specific wavelengths of light and move between energy levels, with the remaining light determining the observed color. The crystal field theory explains how ligands split d-orbital energy levels, affecting color intensity. Common examples include copper(II) (blue), nickel(II) (green), and chromium(III) (violet). These colors are essential in analytical chemistry, biological systems (e.g., hemoglobin), and industrial applications like pigments and indicators.

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Ramashish Paul NCERT Examplar Chemistry Class 12th
  • 2019
  • 9789351764649
  • Unknown

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Colours of Some First-Row Transition Metal Ions (Aqueous)



Metal Ion Color in Aqueous Solution

Sc3+ Colorless

Ti3+ Purple

Ti4+ Colorless

V2+ Violet

V3+ Green

VO2+ Blue

VO2+ Yellow

Cr3+ Green or Violet

Mn2+ Pale Pink

MnO4- Purple

Fe2+ Pale Green

Fe3+ Yellow-Brown

Co2+ Pink

Co3+ Dark Brown

Ni2+ Green

Cu2+ Blue

Zn2+ Colorless
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