PRAXIS Elementary Education
(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT) ACTUAL EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY
GRADED A+ <RECENT VERSION>
1. Piaget - Constructivism - ANSWER ✓ [HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
THEORY]
2. Learning evolves in complexity and becomes complete over time as
individuals build upon prior knowledge and experiences. ----- #1 Learning is
an individualized process -------- #2 Learners must be active in the learning
process
3. Vysgotsky - Socio Cultural or Social Development - ANSWER ✓ [HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
4. Children learn better collaboratively, than alone. The "zone of proximal
development" is the difference between what a child can do on their own
and what they can accomplish w/ assistance.
5. Piaget - ANSWER ✓ believed that individuals construct new knowledge
based on prior knowledge, and there are distinct stages of learning. He
promoted the cognitive theory, which encompasses the constructivist
approach to learning, often used in science education.
6. phonics - ANSWER ✓ When a teacher points out the initial consonants of
vocabulary in a story to help students begin to predict a word, it encourages
the use and development of _______ skills.
,7. constructivism - ANSWER ✓ students learn by building on prior knowledge
and by doing
8. Bronfenbrenner Ecological Model - ANSWER ✓ microsystem, mesosystem,
exosystem, macrosystem
9. domains of learning - ANSWER ✓ conitive, language, physical, social-
emotional, adaptive
10.Learning Theories - ANSWER ✓ cognitive, behavioral, developmental,
psychodynamic, sociological, ecological, eclectic
11.developmental theory - ANSWER ✓ level of readiness must be reached to
learn
12.sociological theory - ANSWER ✓ children learn through their observations
of others
13.ecological theory - ANSWER ✓ influences from home, school, and
community affect how well the student will learn
14.Basic Concepts - ANSWER ✓ Focusing on the big idea and limiting the
number of new concepts introduced in a single lesson may assist the learner
in understanding and comprehension. Focusing on the fundamentals before
moving into more complex and specialized concepts will help establish a
solid learning base; relevant prior knowledge is needed to build upon.
15.Communication - ANSWER ✓ Using simple terms to first teach the basic,
initial concepts will allow learners to focus on more advanced concepts.
Utilizing clear and concise models will help solidify information.
16.Mediated Scaffolding - ANSWER ✓ Providing sufficient guided practice
with new concepts then moving into individual practice will help learners
cement concepts in their minds. Teaching a limited number of new concepts
each day could help learners focus on the basic tasks and assist in
memorization and application of the concepts learned. Self-study is essential
to mastery of a skill or concept but needs to be appropriately directed, moni-
tored, and assessed.
,17.Integration - ANSWER ✓ Once learners reliably and consistently
demonstrate base concept knowledge, introducing superlative and
comparative concepts will help develop higher-order skills and knowledge.
Materials pre- sented in logical order are easier to learn and remember as
well as concepts that draw knowledge from more than one subject area.
18.Review - ANSWER ✓ Allowing ample opportunity for learners to
demonstrate understanding and comprehension in a myriad of ways will
increase the ability to remember and recall the concept in diverse
circumstances.
19.■ Positive interdependence—
■ Promotive interaction
■ Accountability
■ Interaction
■ Group processing - ANSWER ✓ What are Johnson and Johnson's five
elements in the Cooperative Learning Approach?
20.Positive interdependence - ANSWER ✓ Students understand that success is
linked to other students and their success, knowing that each must contribute
effort for the entire group to be successful.
21.Promotive interaction - ANSWER ✓ Students support one another by
sharing resources, encouraging one another's efforts and contributions,
solving problems together, and checking for understanding.
22.Accountability - ANSWER ✓ —Students realize that each member in the
group is responsible for learning the material so the group may achieve the
final goal.
23.Interaction - ANSWER ✓ —Students know that interpersonal skills must be
used to be successful, which include utilizing effective communication,
addressing problem solving, instilling decision making, building rapport,
promot- ing compromise, and providing cooperation.
, 24.Group processing - ANSWER ✓ —The group assesses their ability to
function and addresses the acquisition of knowledge, which may include on-
task behaviors, goals met, cooperative efforts, and feedback on data.
25.Direct Instruction (Madeline Hunter) - ANSWER ✓ the technique used
when the teacher very specifically provides support for curricular topics. Use
of this approach demonstrates instruction that proceeds in steps to
accommodate students' understanding of the information and materials, with
the primary outcome being successful participation of students as active
learners.
26.Explicit Instructive - ANSWER ✓ a well-developed and systematically
designed instructional approach used for all elementary school content areas:
reading, mathematics, language arts, social studies, sciences, physical
education, and the fine arts. Explicit instruction is synonymous with direct
instruction (Madeline Hunter Model), which is based on the behavioral
theory (Stimulus-Response method).
27.Strategies for teaching - ANSWER ✓ developmentally appropriate practice,
integration, scaffolding, cooperative learning, questioning, task analysis,
content enhancements, graphic organizers, wait time, peer tutoring, student
responses, instructional pacing, feedback
28.Aids for ELL learners - ANSWER ✓ use language above abilities, repeat
key words, slow speech rate, clearly articulate, avoid using difficult words,
simplify materials
29.enrichment strategies - ANSWER ✓ self-paced instruction, mentoring,
ability grouping, compacting, telescoping, tiered lessons
30.performance tasks - ANSWER ✓ complete a problem or project with an
explanation for an answer
31.observation - ANSWER ✓ anecdotal records and checklists to record
students being observed doing tasks
(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT) ACTUAL EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY
GRADED A+ <RECENT VERSION>
1. Piaget - Constructivism - ANSWER ✓ [HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
THEORY]
2. Learning evolves in complexity and becomes complete over time as
individuals build upon prior knowledge and experiences. ----- #1 Learning is
an individualized process -------- #2 Learners must be active in the learning
process
3. Vysgotsky - Socio Cultural or Social Development - ANSWER ✓ [HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
4. Children learn better collaboratively, than alone. The "zone of proximal
development" is the difference between what a child can do on their own
and what they can accomplish w/ assistance.
5. Piaget - ANSWER ✓ believed that individuals construct new knowledge
based on prior knowledge, and there are distinct stages of learning. He
promoted the cognitive theory, which encompasses the constructivist
approach to learning, often used in science education.
6. phonics - ANSWER ✓ When a teacher points out the initial consonants of
vocabulary in a story to help students begin to predict a word, it encourages
the use and development of _______ skills.
,7. constructivism - ANSWER ✓ students learn by building on prior knowledge
and by doing
8. Bronfenbrenner Ecological Model - ANSWER ✓ microsystem, mesosystem,
exosystem, macrosystem
9. domains of learning - ANSWER ✓ conitive, language, physical, social-
emotional, adaptive
10.Learning Theories - ANSWER ✓ cognitive, behavioral, developmental,
psychodynamic, sociological, ecological, eclectic
11.developmental theory - ANSWER ✓ level of readiness must be reached to
learn
12.sociological theory - ANSWER ✓ children learn through their observations
of others
13.ecological theory - ANSWER ✓ influences from home, school, and
community affect how well the student will learn
14.Basic Concepts - ANSWER ✓ Focusing on the big idea and limiting the
number of new concepts introduced in a single lesson may assist the learner
in understanding and comprehension. Focusing on the fundamentals before
moving into more complex and specialized concepts will help establish a
solid learning base; relevant prior knowledge is needed to build upon.
15.Communication - ANSWER ✓ Using simple terms to first teach the basic,
initial concepts will allow learners to focus on more advanced concepts.
Utilizing clear and concise models will help solidify information.
16.Mediated Scaffolding - ANSWER ✓ Providing sufficient guided practice
with new concepts then moving into individual practice will help learners
cement concepts in their minds. Teaching a limited number of new concepts
each day could help learners focus on the basic tasks and assist in
memorization and application of the concepts learned. Self-study is essential
to mastery of a skill or concept but needs to be appropriately directed, moni-
tored, and assessed.
,17.Integration - ANSWER ✓ Once learners reliably and consistently
demonstrate base concept knowledge, introducing superlative and
comparative concepts will help develop higher-order skills and knowledge.
Materials pre- sented in logical order are easier to learn and remember as
well as concepts that draw knowledge from more than one subject area.
18.Review - ANSWER ✓ Allowing ample opportunity for learners to
demonstrate understanding and comprehension in a myriad of ways will
increase the ability to remember and recall the concept in diverse
circumstances.
19.■ Positive interdependence—
■ Promotive interaction
■ Accountability
■ Interaction
■ Group processing - ANSWER ✓ What are Johnson and Johnson's five
elements in the Cooperative Learning Approach?
20.Positive interdependence - ANSWER ✓ Students understand that success is
linked to other students and their success, knowing that each must contribute
effort for the entire group to be successful.
21.Promotive interaction - ANSWER ✓ Students support one another by
sharing resources, encouraging one another's efforts and contributions,
solving problems together, and checking for understanding.
22.Accountability - ANSWER ✓ —Students realize that each member in the
group is responsible for learning the material so the group may achieve the
final goal.
23.Interaction - ANSWER ✓ —Students know that interpersonal skills must be
used to be successful, which include utilizing effective communication,
addressing problem solving, instilling decision making, building rapport,
promot- ing compromise, and providing cooperation.
, 24.Group processing - ANSWER ✓ —The group assesses their ability to
function and addresses the acquisition of knowledge, which may include on-
task behaviors, goals met, cooperative efforts, and feedback on data.
25.Direct Instruction (Madeline Hunter) - ANSWER ✓ the technique used
when the teacher very specifically provides support for curricular topics. Use
of this approach demonstrates instruction that proceeds in steps to
accommodate students' understanding of the information and materials, with
the primary outcome being successful participation of students as active
learners.
26.Explicit Instructive - ANSWER ✓ a well-developed and systematically
designed instructional approach used for all elementary school content areas:
reading, mathematics, language arts, social studies, sciences, physical
education, and the fine arts. Explicit instruction is synonymous with direct
instruction (Madeline Hunter Model), which is based on the behavioral
theory (Stimulus-Response method).
27.Strategies for teaching - ANSWER ✓ developmentally appropriate practice,
integration, scaffolding, cooperative learning, questioning, task analysis,
content enhancements, graphic organizers, wait time, peer tutoring, student
responses, instructional pacing, feedback
28.Aids for ELL learners - ANSWER ✓ use language above abilities, repeat
key words, slow speech rate, clearly articulate, avoid using difficult words,
simplify materials
29.enrichment strategies - ANSWER ✓ self-paced instruction, mentoring,
ability grouping, compacting, telescoping, tiered lessons
30.performance tasks - ANSWER ✓ complete a problem or project with an
explanation for an answer
31.observation - ANSWER ✓ anecdotal records and checklists to record
students being observed doing tasks
