PHAR 100 Final Exam with Verified Solutions 2024/2025

PHAR 100 Final Exam with Verified Solutions How was historical use of sulfa chemicals contributed to the advancement of pharmacology? a) Weaponized poisons at higher doses were found to have therapeutic effects b) Use of sulfa drugs lead to development of first synthetic antibacterial compounds c) Historical use of natural compounds at ultra low doses resulted in therapeutic effects d) Extraction of chemical compounds from man-made poisons that resulted in large-scale human epidemics led to the discovery of drugs still used today - Answer -b) Use of sulfa drugs lead to development of first synthetic antibacterial compounds Which historical drug listed is still commonly used therapeutically today? a) Ma Huang b) LSD c) Morphine d) Curare - Answer -c) Morphine Phase 3 clinical trials can employ a placebo. Which one of the statment most accurately describes a placebo? a) A placebo is defined as an inert substacne masquerading as a drug b) Placebo therapy provides satisfactory relief in approximately 55% of sick anxious patients c) Likelihood of placebo effects is greater in normal volunteers than in sick anxious patients under stress d) Placebo responses are well understood and thus need not be controlled in a phase 3 study - Answer - a) A placebo is defined as an inert substacne masquerading as a drug The sound and long established way to prove or disprove the value of a new medication or treatment is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). This means that: a) Patients are selected and assigned to various test groups based on their characteristics b) All patients receive the new drug or the control drug (gold-standard or placebo) on alternating days c) The people who administer the drugs don't know who's receiving the drugd) Outcomes measured should preferably be subjective - Answer -c) The people who administer the drugs don't know who's receiving the drug Drug A only relieves pain of mild intensity. Drug B relieves pain of very marked intensity. From this information, one concludes that: a) Drug A has greater efficacy than Drug B b) Drug B has greater efficacy than Drug A c) Drug A is more potent than Drug B d) Drug B is more potent than Drug A - Answer -b) Drug B has greater efficacy than Drug A The therapeutic range is best described as? a) Maximum pharmacological response produced by a specific drug in that biological system b) The dose or concentration of a drug required to produce a response of a certain magnitude usually 50% of the maximal response for that drug c) The dose that is appropriate to treat most individuals d) The range of blood ceoncentration where the drug is effective but toxicities usually don't occur -