PATHO 370 FINAL EXAM |
GUARANTEED ACCURATE
ANSWERS |COMPLETE
Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ flank pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria
What is the common composition of renal calculi? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ calcium crystals
polycystic kidney disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ condition in
which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will
alter kidney function
glomerulonephritis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ inflammation of the
glomeruli of the kidney; immune complex reaction resulting in
alterations in the glomerular capillary structure and function; mediated
by IgE
Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
hematuria
What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ uric acid
,Acute pyelonephritis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ infection of the
renal pelvis usually from an ascending UTI; inflammation that does not
result in scarring or fibrosis
What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ E. coli
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ infection of the
renal pelvis that has scarring and fibrosis and can result in chronic
kidney disease; associated with reflux or processes that lead to urine
stasis
clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ CVA tenderness, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia
clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ abdominal or flank pain, fever, malaise, anorexia
what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ prodromal phase, oliguric phase, post oliguric phase
,clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ normal or declining urine output & BUN creatinine
begin to rise,
clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ oliguria, decreased GFR, hypervolemia (dialysis may be
required)
clinical presentation of the postoliguric phase? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ postoliguric phase represents renal recovery; urine
volume begins to increase and tubular function begins to improve fluid
volume deficit until kidneys recover
renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal disease - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ elevated phosphorus and PTH causes alterations in the
bone and mineral metabolism; kidneys are unable to reabsorb the
calcium and the bones will begin to break down
anemia in end-stage renal disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
kidneys produce erythropoietin, which is needed to make RBC; a lack of
erythropoietin will decrease the RBC count
What are some common causes of CKD? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
diabetes and hypertension
, What is the cause for acute tubular necrosis? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ ischemia leads to acute tubular necrosis
What are some secondary conditions associated with end-stage chronic
renal disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ anemia, malnutrition, bone
and mineral disorders, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis,
uremic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
what is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer? -
ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ hematuria
What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
recurrent cystitis
Who is more prone to UTIs? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ sexually
active women
ureterocele - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ cystic dilation of the distal
end of the ureter
stress urinary incontinence - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ urine is
involuntarily lost with increases in intraabdominal pressure; occurs due
to a weakening of the pelvic muscles
GUARANTEED ACCURATE
ANSWERS |COMPLETE
Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ flank pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria
What is the common composition of renal calculi? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ calcium crystals
polycystic kidney disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ condition in
which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will
alter kidney function
glomerulonephritis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ inflammation of the
glomeruli of the kidney; immune complex reaction resulting in
alterations in the glomerular capillary structure and function; mediated
by IgE
Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
hematuria
What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ uric acid
,Acute pyelonephritis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ infection of the
renal pelvis usually from an ascending UTI; inflammation that does not
result in scarring or fibrosis
What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ E. coli
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ infection of the
renal pelvis that has scarring and fibrosis and can result in chronic
kidney disease; associated with reflux or processes that lead to urine
stasis
clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ CVA tenderness, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia
clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ abdominal or flank pain, fever, malaise, anorexia
what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ prodromal phase, oliguric phase, post oliguric phase
,clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ normal or declining urine output & BUN creatinine
begin to rise,
clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ oliguria, decreased GFR, hypervolemia (dialysis may be
required)
clinical presentation of the postoliguric phase? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ postoliguric phase represents renal recovery; urine
volume begins to increase and tubular function begins to improve fluid
volume deficit until kidneys recover
renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal disease - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ elevated phosphorus and PTH causes alterations in the
bone and mineral metabolism; kidneys are unable to reabsorb the
calcium and the bones will begin to break down
anemia in end-stage renal disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
kidneys produce erythropoietin, which is needed to make RBC; a lack of
erythropoietin will decrease the RBC count
What are some common causes of CKD? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
diabetes and hypertension
, What is the cause for acute tubular necrosis? - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ ischemia leads to acute tubular necrosis
What are some secondary conditions associated with end-stage chronic
renal disease - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ anemia, malnutrition, bone
and mineral disorders, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis,
uremic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
what is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer? -
ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ hematuria
What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
recurrent cystitis
Who is more prone to UTIs? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ sexually
active women
ureterocele - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ cystic dilation of the distal
end of the ureter
stress urinary incontinence - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ urine is
involuntarily lost with increases in intraabdominal pressure; occurs due
to a weakening of the pelvic muscles
