Summary Chemistry Part II (NCERT XII) - NEET

1. Classification & Nomenclature

Alkyl Halides

Classification:



Primary (1°): Halogen attached to a carbon bonded to one alkyl group.
Example: CH CH CH (1° Br bromide).



Secondary (2°): Halogen attached to a carbon bonded to two alkyl groups.
Example: (CH ) CHCl (2° chloride).



Tertiary (3°): Halogen attached to a carbon bonded to three alkyl groups.
Example: (CH ) CBr (3° bromide).




Nomenclature:

, IUPAC: Prefix (fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo) + parent alkane.
Example: 3-iodopentane.



Common Name: Alkyl halide.
Example: tert-Butyl chloride.




Aryl Halides

Classification: Halogen attached directly to a benzene ring.



Ortho (o): Halogen at position 1,2.



Meta (m): Halogen at position 1,3.



Para (p): Halogen at position 1,4.