Leaving Cert Chemistry Definitions
Questions And Answers
Arbatchrprocessr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranrindustrialrprocessrinrwhichranramountrofrtherproductrisrmaderinrarreactionrvesselrduringr
arparticularrtimerinterval.
ArBronsted-Lowryracidr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-israrprotonrdonor.
ArBronsted-Lowryrbaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-israrprotonracceptor.
Arcatalystr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatraltersrtherraterofrarchemicalrreactionrbutrisrnotrconsumedrinrtherreaction.
Arconjugateracidr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrformedrwhenrarprotonr(H⁺)risraddedrtorarBronsted-Lowryrbase.
Arconjugateracid-baserpairr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranracidrandrbaserthatrdifferrbyrtherpresencerorrabsencerofrarproton.
Arconjugaterbaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrformedrwhenrarprotonr(H⁺)risrremovedrfromrarBronsted-Lowryracid
Arcontinuousrprocessr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranrindustrialrprocessrinrwhichrtherreactantsrarercontinuouslyrfedrintortherreactionrvessel,ra
ndrtherproductsrarercontinuouslyrremoved.
Arcovalentrbondr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrformedrwhenrtworatomsrsharerarpairrofrelectrons.
Arhomologousrseriesr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrfamilyrofrorganicrcompoundsrwithrthersamergeneralrformula,rsimilarrchemicalrproperties
,randrsuccessivermembersrdifferingrbyrCH₂.
Arlinerspectrumr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrseriesrofrcolouredrlinesragainstrardarkrbackground.
, Armolerofrarsubstancer-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrtheramountrofrthatrsubstancerthatrcontainsrasrmanyrparticlesr(atomsrorrmoleculesrorrions)r
asrthererareratomsrofrC¹²rinr12grofrC¹².
Arpolarrcovalentrbondr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrbondrwhererelectronsrarersharedrunequallyrbetweenrtworatoms.
Arprimaryrstandardr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-israrwater-
solublersubstancerthatrisrstablerandravailablerinrpurerform.
Arreducingragentr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatrallowsrreductionrtorhappenrbyrlosingrelectronsritself.
Arreversiblerreactionr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrreactionrthatrcanrtakerplacerinreitherrdirection.
Arsemircontinuousrprocessr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranrindustrialrprocessrinrwhichrpartrofrtherprocessrisrarcontinuousrprocess,randrpartrisrarbat
chrprocess.
Arstandardrsolutionr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsolutionrwhoserconcentrationrisraccuratelyrknown.
Activationrenergyr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrtherminimumrenergyrwithrwhichrparticlesrneedrtorcollidertorcauserarreaction.
Aliphaticrhydrocarbonsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
arerhydrocarbonsrthatrdornotrcontainrarbenzenerring.
Alpharparticlesr(α)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
arerheliumrnuclei,rwithrarpositiverchargerandrlittlerpenetratingrability.
Anracid-baserindicatorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrweakracidrorrbaserthatrhasrardifferentrcolourrwhenritrisrdissociatedrintoritsrionsrthanrwhenr
itrisrundissociated.
AnrArrheniusracidr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatrdissociatesrinraqueousrsolution,rformingrhydrogenrions.
AnrArrheniusrbaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatrdissociatesrinraqueousrsolution,rformingrhydroxiderions.
Anratomicrorbitalr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrregionrinrspacerwithinranratomrwherertherprobabilityrofrfindingranrelectronrisrrelativelyrhig
h.
Questions And Answers
Arbatchrprocessr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranrindustrialrprocessrinrwhichranramountrofrtherproductrisrmaderinrarreactionrvesselrduringr
arparticularrtimerinterval.
ArBronsted-Lowryracidr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-israrprotonrdonor.
ArBronsted-Lowryrbaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-israrprotonracceptor.
Arcatalystr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatraltersrtherraterofrarchemicalrreactionrbutrisrnotrconsumedrinrtherreaction.
Arconjugateracidr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrformedrwhenrarprotonr(H⁺)risraddedrtorarBronsted-Lowryrbase.
Arconjugateracid-baserpairr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranracidrandrbaserthatrdifferrbyrtherpresencerorrabsencerofrarproton.
Arconjugaterbaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrformedrwhenrarprotonr(H⁺)risrremovedrfromrarBronsted-Lowryracid
Arcontinuousrprocessr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranrindustrialrprocessrinrwhichrtherreactantsrarercontinuouslyrfedrintortherreactionrvessel,ra
ndrtherproductsrarercontinuouslyrremoved.
Arcovalentrbondr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrformedrwhenrtworatomsrsharerarpairrofrelectrons.
Arhomologousrseriesr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrfamilyrofrorganicrcompoundsrwithrthersamergeneralrformula,rsimilarrchemicalrproperties
,randrsuccessivermembersrdifferingrbyrCH₂.
Arlinerspectrumr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrseriesrofrcolouredrlinesragainstrardarkrbackground.
, Armolerofrarsubstancer-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrtheramountrofrthatrsubstancerthatrcontainsrasrmanyrparticlesr(atomsrorrmoleculesrorrions)r
asrthererareratomsrofrC¹²rinr12grofrC¹².
Arpolarrcovalentrbondr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrbondrwhererelectronsrarersharedrunequallyrbetweenrtworatoms.
Arprimaryrstandardr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-israrwater-
solublersubstancerthatrisrstablerandravailablerinrpurerform.
Arreducingragentr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatrallowsrreductionrtorhappenrbyrlosingrelectronsritself.
Arreversiblerreactionr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrreactionrthatrcanrtakerplacerinreitherrdirection.
Arsemircontinuousrprocessr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isranrindustrialrprocessrinrwhichrpartrofrtherprocessrisrarcontinuousrprocess,randrpartrisrarbat
chrprocess.
Arstandardrsolutionr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsolutionrwhoserconcentrationrisraccuratelyrknown.
Activationrenergyr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
isrtherminimumrenergyrwithrwhichrparticlesrneedrtorcollidertorcauserarreaction.
Aliphaticrhydrocarbonsr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
arerhydrocarbonsrthatrdornotrcontainrarbenzenerring.
Alpharparticlesr(α)r-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
arerheliumrnuclei,rwithrarpositiverchargerandrlittlerpenetratingrability.
Anracid-baserindicatorr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrweakracidrorrbaserthatrhasrardifferentrcolourrwhenritrisrdissociatedrintoritsrionsrthanrwhenr
itrisrundissociated.
AnrArrheniusracidr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatrdissociatesrinraqueousrsolution,rformingrhydrogenrions.
AnrArrheniusrbaser-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrsubstancerthatrdissociatesrinraqueousrsolution,rformingrhydroxiderions.
Anratomicrorbitalr-rCORRECTrrANSWER-
israrregionrinrspacerwithinranratomrwherertherprobabilityrofrfindingranrelectronrisrrelativelyrhig
h.