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Final Exam Study Guide NUR 2790: Professional Nursing III
nursing (University of Nairobi)
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Final Exam Study Guide
NUR 2790: Professional Nursing III
MODULE 1: CELLULAR REGULATION
Cancer
• Primary vs. Secondary preven琀椀on
Primary CA preven琀椀on: removal of “at risk” 琀椀ssue, chemopreven琀椀on, vaccina琀椀on (HPV) Secondary CA
preven琀椀on: regular screening
• Risk factors/warning signs (CAUTION mneumonic)
C: change in bowel/bladder func琀椀on
A: a sore throat that does not heal
U: unusual bleeding
T: thickening lumps
I: indiges琀椀on/di昀케culty swallowing
O: obvious change in mole
N: nagging cough/hoarseness
• Treatment types, side e昀昀ects/complica琀椀ons (& treatment/nursing care of side e昀昀ects/complica琀椀ons)
Surgery: can be prophylac琀椀c, diagnos琀椀c, cura琀椀ve, pallia琀椀ve
SE/complica琀椀ons: removed organs and 琀椀ssues lose func琀椀on, removal of organs does not necessarily rid
cancer
Radia琀椀on: destroy cancer cells with minimal damaging e昀昀ects of surrounding normal cells
SE/complica琀椀ons: radia琀椀on derma琀椀琀椀s, altered taste/fa琀椀gue, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease,
昀椀brosis, scarring, bone marrow suppression
Nursing care: provide accurate info, skin care (wash gently with soap and water, avoid scrubbing), do
not remove temporary ink markings, provide nutri琀椀onal support, care of xerostomia (administer saliva
subs琀椀tutes, lozenges, mouth rinses), reduce risk for bone fracture, encourage exercise and sleep
interven琀椀ons to treat fa琀椀gue
Chemotherapy: treatment of cancer using an琀椀neoplas琀椀c drugs (cytotoxic systemic therapy)
SE/complica琀椀ons: dosage and scheduling (dose-limi琀椀ng side e昀昀ects may impact), extravasa琀椀on and
vesicants, bone marrow suppression (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), mucosi琀椀s
(in昀氀amma琀椀on of oral mucosa) alopecia (hair loss), chemo brain, chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy,
fa琀椀gue
Nursing care: epo-alfa/Epogen, blood products, no 昀氀ossing, so昀琀 toothbrush, no razors, no NSAIDS, treat
nausea (peppermint oil, Zofran, 昀氀uids, room temperature food, alcohol swabs)
Immunotherapy: enhances and alters pt’s biological response to cancer cells via direct an琀椀tumor ac琀椀vity
SE/complica琀椀ons: 昀氀uid shi昀琀s/in昀氀amma琀椀on, decreased LOC and other neuro changes, fever, chills,
malaise
Photodynamic therapy: selec琀椀ve destruc琀椀on of cancer cells via chemical reac琀椀on triggered by last light
which destroys or shrinks tumors
Hormonal manipula琀椀on: changing usual hormone responses to slow tumor growth to certain cancer types
SE/complica琀椀ons: masculinizing a昀昀ects in women, feminizing e昀昀ects in women
(gynecomas琀椀a), 昀氀uid reten琀椀on, acne, hypercalcemia, liver dysfunc琀椀on, VTE
Bone marrow transplants: transplant of bone marrow from a matched individual (self or other)
SE/complica琀椀ons: nausea, vomi琀椀ng, gra昀琀 vs. host disease, infec琀椀on, organ damage Complementary &
Alterna琀椀ve Medicine (CAM)
Types of CAM (mind-body therapy, tai chi, chiroprac琀椀c care, herbal meds, etc.), goals of use, and
interac琀椀ons
Mind-body therapies: biofeedback, guided imagery, intercessory prayer, medita琀椀on, relaxa琀椀on exercise
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Biologically-based therapies: herbal therapies (chamomile, garlic, gingko, ginseng, peppermint, st.john’s
wart, vaerin)
Manipula琀椀ve and body-based therapies: acupuncture, acupressure, chiroprac琀椀c, massage, rol昀椀ng,
shiatsu, tai chi, yoga Energy therapies: reiki, therapeu琀椀c touch
Alterna琀椀ve medical systems: homeopathy (tx of disease with minute drug doses to ac琀椀vate and illness that
then s琀椀mulates the body’s normal defense system to eliminate disease; remedies without chemically ac琀椀ve
ingredients), naturopathy (the prac琀椀ce of assis琀椀ng in the health of pa琀椀ents through the applica琀椀on of
natural remedies), osteopathy (embracing the full spectrum of medicine, including the use of medica琀椀ons
and surgery, in addi琀椀on to manipula琀椀ve techniques)
MODULE 2: END-OF-LIFE CARE
Chapter 10: Principles of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness
• Pallia琀椀ve vs. Hospice care (goals of each, di昀昀erienta琀椀on)
Pallia琀椀ve care: can be any stage of serious or chronic illness, care may be provided concurrently with
cura琀椀ve therapies, care not limited by 琀椀me periods, care provided by
PCP with poten琀椀al follow-up vis琀椀s
Hospice care: prognosis of less than 6 months to live, ini琀椀ated when cura琀椀ve tx stops, 60-90 day periods of
care, care provided by RNs, social workers, chaplains, and volunteers
• Ethical/legal considera琀椀ons r/t dying (AD’s, living will, euthanasia, etc.)
• Durable power of a琀琀orney for health care (DPOAHC): makes decisions about pt’s healthcare when MD
determines pt does not have capacity to make decisions (pt does not receive info, pt does not evaluate,
deliberate and mentally manipulate info, pt does not communicate a tx preference)
Living will: discusses CPR or code status (must be ini琀椀ated unless and DNR order exists, may be violent and
painful), intuba琀椀on/ar琀椀昀椀cial ven琀椀la琀椀on, ar琀椀昀椀cial nutri琀椀on/hydra琀椀on
“Five wishes”: iden琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on of decision maker (DPOAHC), iden琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on of treatments the pt does/does
not want, comfort level expecta琀椀ons, how they want to be treated, what the pt wants loved ones to
know
Ac琀椀ve euthanasia: use of medica琀椀ons or tx that purposefully causes pt’s death (physician assisted suicide)
Passive euthanasia: discon琀椀nua琀椀on of one or more therapies that may prolong life Voluntary stopping of
ea琀椀ng and drinking (VSED): refusal to eat or drink in order to hasten death by competent pt with terminal
illness
S/Sx of end-of-life
Lack of heartbeat, absence of spontaneous respira琀椀ons, irreversible brain dysfunc琀椀on
Weakness, anorexia, changes in cardio func琀椀on (cool, mo琀琀led cyano琀椀c extremi琀椀es, decreased BP, heart rate
will increase-irregular-brady-asystole), dyspnea (cheynestokes), changes in GU (incon琀椀nence, decreased
UO), changes in LOC (sleeping, restless, anxiety, lethargy)
MODULE 3: TISSUE INTEGRITY
Chapter 10: Principles of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness
• Tradi琀椀onal triage vs. Mass Casualty triage
Tradi琀椀onal triage: most cri琀椀cal pt’s are seen 昀椀rst(emergent/immediate threat to l昀椀e, urgent/major injuries,
nonurgent minor injuries)
Mass casualty triage: emergent (red tag) pt’s seen 昀椀rst, urgent (yellow tag), nonurgent (green tag),
expectant or allowed to die (black tag)
• Internal vs. External events
Internal events: power outage, ac琀椀ve shooter, explosion
External: tornado, volcano, hurricane, wild 昀椀res, epidemics
Chapter 26: Care of the Pa琀椀ent with Burns
Downloaded by kuchy kuchy ()
Final Exam Study Guide NUR 2790: Professional Nursing III
nursing (University of Nairobi)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by kuchy kuchy ()
, lOMoARcPSD|53991452
Final Exam Study Guide
NUR 2790: Professional Nursing III
MODULE 1: CELLULAR REGULATION
Cancer
• Primary vs. Secondary preven琀椀on
Primary CA preven琀椀on: removal of “at risk” 琀椀ssue, chemopreven琀椀on, vaccina琀椀on (HPV) Secondary CA
preven琀椀on: regular screening
• Risk factors/warning signs (CAUTION mneumonic)
C: change in bowel/bladder func琀椀on
A: a sore throat that does not heal
U: unusual bleeding
T: thickening lumps
I: indiges琀椀on/di昀케culty swallowing
O: obvious change in mole
N: nagging cough/hoarseness
• Treatment types, side e昀昀ects/complica琀椀ons (& treatment/nursing care of side e昀昀ects/complica琀椀ons)
Surgery: can be prophylac琀椀c, diagnos琀椀c, cura琀椀ve, pallia琀椀ve
SE/complica琀椀ons: removed organs and 琀椀ssues lose func琀椀on, removal of organs does not necessarily rid
cancer
Radia琀椀on: destroy cancer cells with minimal damaging e昀昀ects of surrounding normal cells
SE/complica琀椀ons: radia琀椀on derma琀椀琀椀s, altered taste/fa琀椀gue, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease,
昀椀brosis, scarring, bone marrow suppression
Nursing care: provide accurate info, skin care (wash gently with soap and water, avoid scrubbing), do
not remove temporary ink markings, provide nutri琀椀onal support, care of xerostomia (administer saliva
subs琀椀tutes, lozenges, mouth rinses), reduce risk for bone fracture, encourage exercise and sleep
interven琀椀ons to treat fa琀椀gue
Chemotherapy: treatment of cancer using an琀椀neoplas琀椀c drugs (cytotoxic systemic therapy)
SE/complica琀椀ons: dosage and scheduling (dose-limi琀椀ng side e昀昀ects may impact), extravasa琀椀on and
vesicants, bone marrow suppression (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), mucosi琀椀s
(in昀氀amma琀椀on of oral mucosa) alopecia (hair loss), chemo brain, chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy,
fa琀椀gue
Nursing care: epo-alfa/Epogen, blood products, no 昀氀ossing, so昀琀 toothbrush, no razors, no NSAIDS, treat
nausea (peppermint oil, Zofran, 昀氀uids, room temperature food, alcohol swabs)
Immunotherapy: enhances and alters pt’s biological response to cancer cells via direct an琀椀tumor ac琀椀vity
SE/complica琀椀ons: 昀氀uid shi昀琀s/in昀氀amma琀椀on, decreased LOC and other neuro changes, fever, chills,
malaise
Photodynamic therapy: selec琀椀ve destruc琀椀on of cancer cells via chemical reac琀椀on triggered by last light
which destroys or shrinks tumors
Hormonal manipula琀椀on: changing usual hormone responses to slow tumor growth to certain cancer types
SE/complica琀椀ons: masculinizing a昀昀ects in women, feminizing e昀昀ects in women
(gynecomas琀椀a), 昀氀uid reten琀椀on, acne, hypercalcemia, liver dysfunc琀椀on, VTE
Bone marrow transplants: transplant of bone marrow from a matched individual (self or other)
SE/complica琀椀ons: nausea, vomi琀椀ng, gra昀琀 vs. host disease, infec琀椀on, organ damage Complementary &
Alterna琀椀ve Medicine (CAM)
Types of CAM (mind-body therapy, tai chi, chiroprac琀椀c care, herbal meds, etc.), goals of use, and
interac琀椀ons
Mind-body therapies: biofeedback, guided imagery, intercessory prayer, medita琀椀on, relaxa琀椀on exercise
Downloaded by kuchy kuchy ()
, lOMoARcPSD|53991452
Biologically-based therapies: herbal therapies (chamomile, garlic, gingko, ginseng, peppermint, st.john’s
wart, vaerin)
Manipula琀椀ve and body-based therapies: acupuncture, acupressure, chiroprac琀椀c, massage, rol昀椀ng,
shiatsu, tai chi, yoga Energy therapies: reiki, therapeu琀椀c touch
Alterna琀椀ve medical systems: homeopathy (tx of disease with minute drug doses to ac琀椀vate and illness that
then s琀椀mulates the body’s normal defense system to eliminate disease; remedies without chemically ac琀椀ve
ingredients), naturopathy (the prac琀椀ce of assis琀椀ng in the health of pa琀椀ents through the applica琀椀on of
natural remedies), osteopathy (embracing the full spectrum of medicine, including the use of medica琀椀ons
and surgery, in addi琀椀on to manipula琀椀ve techniques)
MODULE 2: END-OF-LIFE CARE
Chapter 10: Principles of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness
• Pallia琀椀ve vs. Hospice care (goals of each, di昀昀erienta琀椀on)
Pallia琀椀ve care: can be any stage of serious or chronic illness, care may be provided concurrently with
cura琀椀ve therapies, care not limited by 琀椀me periods, care provided by
PCP with poten琀椀al follow-up vis琀椀s
Hospice care: prognosis of less than 6 months to live, ini琀椀ated when cura琀椀ve tx stops, 60-90 day periods of
care, care provided by RNs, social workers, chaplains, and volunteers
• Ethical/legal considera琀椀ons r/t dying (AD’s, living will, euthanasia, etc.)
• Durable power of a琀琀orney for health care (DPOAHC): makes decisions about pt’s healthcare when MD
determines pt does not have capacity to make decisions (pt does not receive info, pt does not evaluate,
deliberate and mentally manipulate info, pt does not communicate a tx preference)
Living will: discusses CPR or code status (must be ini琀椀ated unless and DNR order exists, may be violent and
painful), intuba琀椀on/ar琀椀昀椀cial ven琀椀la琀椀on, ar琀椀昀椀cial nutri琀椀on/hydra琀椀on
“Five wishes”: iden琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on of decision maker (DPOAHC), iden琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on of treatments the pt does/does
not want, comfort level expecta琀椀ons, how they want to be treated, what the pt wants loved ones to
know
Ac琀椀ve euthanasia: use of medica琀椀ons or tx that purposefully causes pt’s death (physician assisted suicide)
Passive euthanasia: discon琀椀nua琀椀on of one or more therapies that may prolong life Voluntary stopping of
ea琀椀ng and drinking (VSED): refusal to eat or drink in order to hasten death by competent pt with terminal
illness
S/Sx of end-of-life
Lack of heartbeat, absence of spontaneous respira琀椀ons, irreversible brain dysfunc琀椀on
Weakness, anorexia, changes in cardio func琀椀on (cool, mo琀琀led cyano琀椀c extremi琀椀es, decreased BP, heart rate
will increase-irregular-brady-asystole), dyspnea (cheynestokes), changes in GU (incon琀椀nence, decreased
UO), changes in LOC (sleeping, restless, anxiety, lethargy)
MODULE 3: TISSUE INTEGRITY
Chapter 10: Principles of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness
• Tradi琀椀onal triage vs. Mass Casualty triage
Tradi琀椀onal triage: most cri琀椀cal pt’s are seen 昀椀rst(emergent/immediate threat to l昀椀e, urgent/major injuries,
nonurgent minor injuries)
Mass casualty triage: emergent (red tag) pt’s seen 昀椀rst, urgent (yellow tag), nonurgent (green tag),
expectant or allowed to die (black tag)
• Internal vs. External events
Internal events: power outage, ac琀椀ve shooter, explosion
External: tornado, volcano, hurricane, wild 昀椀res, epidemics
Chapter 26: Care of the Pa琀椀ent with Burns
Downloaded by kuchy kuchy ()
