UNH NUTR 400 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
essential nutrients - Answers must provide exogenously (from diet), body either cannot make them at all
or in sufficient amounts
non essential nutrients - Answers can be made endogenously (in the body) in amounts needed to satisfy
physiological requirements
conditionally essential - Answers non-essential nutrients can become essential
ex. sick in the hospital, cannot get in the sun
Micronutrients - Answers = small: vitamins, minerals
<l g/day
Macronutrients - Answers = big: carbs, proteins, water, lipids
>1 G/Day
vitamin basics - Answers organic molecules, yield NO enegery, most cannot be made by the body,
plant+animal sources, & 14 known FAT-SOLUBLE
Fat-Soluble - Answers VIT A, D, E, K - "ade k"
Water- Soluble - Answers Vit B, C and chlorine
Transport - Answers F: carriers
W: freely
Storage - Answers F: fat/liver
W: water
Excretion - Answers F: stored in fat
W: kidneys
Toxicity - Answers F: potential
W: not typical
Requirments - Answers F: Periodically
W: Frequently
All Vitamins: - Answers digestive processes begin in the stomach
and pancreas enzymes aid in the release from food
, Fat - Soluble Vitamins ONLY - Answers bile aids in absorption
and absorbed in SI along with dietary fat carried by chylomicrons into the lymphatic circulation
Water-Solubles ONLY - Answers absorb in the SI release into the blood
Vitamin K ONLY - Answers small amounts made by bacteria in SI + Colon
T/F: a low fat diet may result in a deficiency of fat soluble vitamin - Answers TRUE
What is the BEST method for preserving nutrients including water-soluble vitamins, which are sensitive
to heat and water - Answers STEAMING
what is it called when nutrients are added back, after lost during processing? - Answers Enrichment
Mineral Basics - Answers inorganic, yield NO energy, plant + animal sources, classification: Major +
Trace, not easily destroyed, more stable than vitamins, can be toxic in excess
Vits & Mins are in BOTH Plants + Animals, but typically vitamins are found in ---- Sources, and Minerals
are found in ---- sources - Answers Vits =
Mins =
essential major - Answers Calcium Ca,
Phosphorus P,
Magnesium Mg,
Sodium Na,
Chloride Cl
& Potassium K
essential trace - Answers Iron Fe,
Copper Cu,
Iodine I,
Selenium Se,
Chromium Cr,
Manganese Mn,
Molybdenum Mo,
& Zinc Zn
essential nutrients - Answers must provide exogenously (from diet), body either cannot make them at all
or in sufficient amounts
non essential nutrients - Answers can be made endogenously (in the body) in amounts needed to satisfy
physiological requirements
conditionally essential - Answers non-essential nutrients can become essential
ex. sick in the hospital, cannot get in the sun
Micronutrients - Answers = small: vitamins, minerals
<l g/day
Macronutrients - Answers = big: carbs, proteins, water, lipids
>1 G/Day
vitamin basics - Answers organic molecules, yield NO enegery, most cannot be made by the body,
plant+animal sources, & 14 known FAT-SOLUBLE
Fat-Soluble - Answers VIT A, D, E, K - "ade k"
Water- Soluble - Answers Vit B, C and chlorine
Transport - Answers F: carriers
W: freely
Storage - Answers F: fat/liver
W: water
Excretion - Answers F: stored in fat
W: kidneys
Toxicity - Answers F: potential
W: not typical
Requirments - Answers F: Periodically
W: Frequently
All Vitamins: - Answers digestive processes begin in the stomach
and pancreas enzymes aid in the release from food
, Fat - Soluble Vitamins ONLY - Answers bile aids in absorption
and absorbed in SI along with dietary fat carried by chylomicrons into the lymphatic circulation
Water-Solubles ONLY - Answers absorb in the SI release into the blood
Vitamin K ONLY - Answers small amounts made by bacteria in SI + Colon
T/F: a low fat diet may result in a deficiency of fat soluble vitamin - Answers TRUE
What is the BEST method for preserving nutrients including water-soluble vitamins, which are sensitive
to heat and water - Answers STEAMING
what is it called when nutrients are added back, after lost during processing? - Answers Enrichment
Mineral Basics - Answers inorganic, yield NO energy, plant + animal sources, classification: Major +
Trace, not easily destroyed, more stable than vitamins, can be toxic in excess
Vits & Mins are in BOTH Plants + Animals, but typically vitamins are found in ---- Sources, and Minerals
are found in ---- sources - Answers Vits =
Mins =
essential major - Answers Calcium Ca,
Phosphorus P,
Magnesium Mg,
Sodium Na,
Chloride Cl
& Potassium K
essential trace - Answers Iron Fe,
Copper Cu,
Iodine I,
Selenium Se,
Chromium Cr,
Manganese Mn,
Molybdenum Mo,
& Zinc Zn
