NU 578 Unit 1--#2
1. Full term <Ans> 36-40 weeks gestation
2. Ganglionic blocking agents <Ans> Interrupt impulse transmission through ganglia of
the autonomic nervous system. They do this by competing with Ach for binding to
nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia.
3. Generic name <Ans> Assigned by US Adopted Names Council. -each drug has only
ONE -aka nonproprietary name or US Adopted Name
4. Glomerular filtration <Ans> Moves drugs from the blood into the tubular urine
within the glomerulus of the Bowman's capsule.
5. Half life <Ans> The time it takes for a drug to be 50% of its original concentration in
the body. The time required for the amount of dug in the body to decrease by 50%.
6. Hepatic metabolism <Ans> Is low in newborns.
7. Hepatic microsomal enzyme system <Ans> a.k.a. P450 system which an enzyme
system consisting of 12 closely enzyme families in the liver involved with metab- olizing
drugs. Cyochrome P450 is a key component of the system. These enzymes are capable of
catalyzing a wide variety of reactions using drugs as substrate.
8. Hepatotoxic drugs <Ans> Drugs that cause injury to the liver. Patients taking these
should have liver function tests to check liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST,
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,formerly known as SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, formerly known as SGPT).
9. Iatrogenic disease <Ans> A disease produced by drugs.
10. Idiosyncratic effect <Ans> An uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic
predisposition.
11. Inactivation <Ans> Drug metabolism can convert pharmacologically active
com- pounds to inactive forms.
12. Induction <Ans> The process of stimulating liver enzyme synthesis to increase the
drug-metabolizing capacity of the liver.
13. Infants <Ans> weeks 5-52
14. Intramuscular administration <Ans> Absorption pattern: rapidly or slowly
depending on the water solubility of the drug and blood flow to the site
15. Advantages to IM administration <Ans> Administration of poorly soluble drugs,
ad- ministration of depot preparations which absorb slowly.
16. Barriers to IM administration <Ans> capillary walls
17. Disadvantages to IM administration <Ans> Discomfort and inconvenience, can't be
used on patients on anticoagulant therapy.
18. IM administration <Ans> Slow & erratic in neonates, rapid in infants.
19. IV adminstration <Ans> Absorption pattern: instantaneous and complete
20. Advantages to IV adminstration <Ans> Rapid onset and precise control of drug
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, levels in blood, ability to use large fluid volumes, ability to administer drugs that
would irritate tissues.
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19
1. Full term <Ans> 36-40 weeks gestation
2. Ganglionic blocking agents <Ans> Interrupt impulse transmission through ganglia of
the autonomic nervous system. They do this by competing with Ach for binding to
nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia.
3. Generic name <Ans> Assigned by US Adopted Names Council. -each drug has only
ONE -aka nonproprietary name or US Adopted Name
4. Glomerular filtration <Ans> Moves drugs from the blood into the tubular urine
within the glomerulus of the Bowman's capsule.
5. Half life <Ans> The time it takes for a drug to be 50% of its original concentration in
the body. The time required for the amount of dug in the body to decrease by 50%.
6. Hepatic metabolism <Ans> Is low in newborns.
7. Hepatic microsomal enzyme system <Ans> a.k.a. P450 system which an enzyme
system consisting of 12 closely enzyme families in the liver involved with metab- olizing
drugs. Cyochrome P450 is a key component of the system. These enzymes are capable of
catalyzing a wide variety of reactions using drugs as substrate.
8. Hepatotoxic drugs <Ans> Drugs that cause injury to the liver. Patients taking these
should have liver function tests to check liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST,
1/
19
,formerly known as SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, formerly known as SGPT).
9. Iatrogenic disease <Ans> A disease produced by drugs.
10. Idiosyncratic effect <Ans> An uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic
predisposition.
11. Inactivation <Ans> Drug metabolism can convert pharmacologically active
com- pounds to inactive forms.
12. Induction <Ans> The process of stimulating liver enzyme synthesis to increase the
drug-metabolizing capacity of the liver.
13. Infants <Ans> weeks 5-52
14. Intramuscular administration <Ans> Absorption pattern: rapidly or slowly
depending on the water solubility of the drug and blood flow to the site
15. Advantages to IM administration <Ans> Administration of poorly soluble drugs,
ad- ministration of depot preparations which absorb slowly.
16. Barriers to IM administration <Ans> capillary walls
17. Disadvantages to IM administration <Ans> Discomfort and inconvenience, can't be
used on patients on anticoagulant therapy.
18. IM administration <Ans> Slow & erratic in neonates, rapid in infants.
19. IV adminstration <Ans> Absorption pattern: instantaneous and complete
20. Advantages to IV adminstration <Ans> Rapid onset and precise control of drug
2/
19
, levels in blood, ability to use large fluid volumes, ability to administer drugs that
would irritate tissues.
3/
19
