Path 1000 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025
1. Pathophysiology the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from disorder or disease
2. Pathogenesis the development of a disease
3. Clinical Manifes- the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs and symptoms
tations
4. Diagnosis identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the symptoms
5. Etiology the cause of a disease or condition
6. Idiopathic unknown cause of a disease
7. Iatrogenic disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
8. Epidemiology study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events in a popu-
lation
9. Incidence rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time
(1 in 3 may catch a disease)
10. Prevalence the number of people in a population who have the disease or condition over a
specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
11. Endemic the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
12. Epidemic dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same time in
a geographical area
, Path 1000 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025
13. Pandemic high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
14. Morbidity disease rates within a group
15. Mortality deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
16. Hypoxic Injury most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced blood supply
17. Homeostasis the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in its functions
18. How is home- a small change to the internal body throws homeostasis out of order, which will
ostasis linked lead to illness and diseases
to pathophysiol-
ogy?
19. Prognosis probable outcome of a patient's conditon
20. Sign a clinical finding verified by the examiner
21. Primary Disease altering behaviours to prevent a disease from occurring Ex:
Prevention
vaccination
22. Secondary Dis- performing early detection to prevent a disease from occurring
ease Prevention
Ex: medical examinations
23. Complications the development of a disease in a person already coping with an existing disor-
der
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
24. Sequelae
, unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
25. Eight Chief Cellu- 1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
lar Function 2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
26. Four Ways Cells 1. Atrophy - decrease in cellular size and functional components (aging, early
Adapt to Environ- development)
ment 2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular
division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs
to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs
(breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type (ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
27. Dysplasia abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not con-
sidered a true adaptive process)
28. Is dysplasia the although dysplasia functions similar to cancer and is often located next to cancer-
same thing as ous growths, it doesn't indicate cancer and may never progress to it
cancer?
29.
1. Pathophysiology the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from disorder or disease
2. Pathogenesis the development of a disease
3. Clinical Manifes- the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs and symptoms
tations
4. Diagnosis identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the symptoms
5. Etiology the cause of a disease or condition
6. Idiopathic unknown cause of a disease
7. Iatrogenic disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
8. Epidemiology study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events in a popu-
lation
9. Incidence rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time
(1 in 3 may catch a disease)
10. Prevalence the number of people in a population who have the disease or condition over a
specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
11. Endemic the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
12. Epidemic dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same time in
a geographical area
, Path 1000 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025
13. Pandemic high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents
14. Morbidity disease rates within a group
15. Mortality deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
16. Hypoxic Injury most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced blood supply
17. Homeostasis the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in its functions
18. How is home- a small change to the internal body throws homeostasis out of order, which will
ostasis linked lead to illness and diseases
to pathophysiol-
ogy?
19. Prognosis probable outcome of a patient's conditon
20. Sign a clinical finding verified by the examiner
21. Primary Disease altering behaviours to prevent a disease from occurring Ex:
Prevention
vaccination
22. Secondary Dis- performing early detection to prevent a disease from occurring
ease Prevention
Ex: medical examinations
23. Complications the development of a disease in a person already coping with an existing disor-
der
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
24. Sequelae
, unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
25. Eight Chief Cellu- 1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement
lar Function 2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
26. Four Ways Cells 1. Atrophy - decrease in cellular size and functional components (aging, early
Adapt to Environ- development)
ment 2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular
division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs
to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs
(breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type (ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
27. Dysplasia abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not con-
sidered a true adaptive process)
28. Is dysplasia the although dysplasia functions similar to cancer and is often located next to cancer-
same thing as ous growths, it doesn't indicate cancer and may never progress to it
cancer?
29.
