Chemistry class 12th Physical_Properties_Explanation

Physical Properties - A Comprehensive Explanation


1. Introduction
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without
changing its chemical identity. They are crucial in various scientific and engineering applications.


2. Types of Physical Properties
a) Extensive Properties
Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance present. Examples include:
- Mass
- Volume
- Length
- Energy


b) Intensive Properties
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance. Examples include:
- Density
- Temperature
- Boiling Point
- Melting Point
- Conductivity
- Hardness


3. Measurement of Physical Properties
Physical properties are measured using different instruments:
- Mass: Measured using a balance.
- Volume: Measured using graduated cylinders or volumetric flasks.
- Temperature: Measured with thermometers.
- Conductivity: Measured using conductivity meters.


4. Applications in Different Fields
- Physics: Used in material classification and mechanics.
- Chemistry: Helps in identifying and differentiating substances.