NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) ||Already Graded A+||Newest Version

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
||Already Graded A+||Newest Version
Quiz: Ovarian cancer site of metastasis?

Ans: Peritoneal surfaces, omentum (fold of peritoneum connecting the
stomach with other abdominal organs), *liver*



Quiz:The increased NADH/NAD+ ratio in the liver from ethanol causes:

Ans: 1. Pyruvate --> lactic acid, causing lactic acidosis

2. Oxaloacetate --> malate. This prevents gluconeogenesis and leads to
hypoglycemia

3. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> glycerol 3- phosphate and combines with
fatty acids to form triglycerides in the liver, known as hepatosteatosis

4. Decreases citric acid cycle production of NADH and leads to using Acetyl-CoA
for ketogenesis and lipogenesis



Quiz:What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause?




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, Ans: Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid
perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*,
chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria



Quiz:What is the body's defense against ROS?

Ans: Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin,
ceruloplasmin, transferrin)



Quiz:How are free radicals produced?

Ans: 1. Normal cellular respiration

2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)

3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides

4. Transition of metals

5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical



Quiz:action potential

Ans: Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the neuron --> the neuron
depolarizes --> then repolarizes


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, Quiz:Threshold potential

Ans: Point at which depolarization must reach in order to initiate an action
potential



Quiz:Hypokalemia and action potentials

Ans: HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less excitable. Decreased
neuromuscular excitability: weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia,
cardiac dysrhythmias



Quiz:Hyperkalemia and action potentials

Ans: HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T
waves.

When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac
standstill, paresthesia, paralysis



Quiz:Hypocalcemia and action potentials

Ans: Increased permeability to Na+. More excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia,
circumoral paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.



Quiz:Hypercalcemia and action potentials
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, Ans: Decreased permeability to Na+. Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia,
fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephalopathy, depressed T waves



Quiz:Atrophy

Ans: Occurs as a result of decrease in work load, pressure, use, blood supply,
nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell has
decreased in size, it has now compensated for decreased blood supply, nerve
supply, nutrient supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new homeostasis.
Cells are alive but have diminished function and may lead to cellular death.



Quiz:Atrophy examples

Ans: Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland during childhood.

Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed



Quiz:Hypertrophy

Ans: Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size of organ.
Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.



Quiz:Hypertrophy examples



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