NUR 156 Cellular Integrity Exam || With
200+ Questions & Answers (100% Accurate)
what physical agents are known to be carcinogenic - ANSWER - sunlight, radiation,
radon gas chronic irritation/inflammation, tobacco, industrial chemicals, asbestos
what chemical agents are known to be carcinogenic - ANSWER - tobacco smoke,
passive smoke, combustible tobacco forms (cigar, pipe, etc), smokeless tobacco,
chemicals in the workplace (pesticides, formaldehydes, arsenic, soot, wood dust, etc)
what genetic/familial factors are known to be carcinogenic - ANSWER - genes like
BRCA1 and BRCA2 (breast/ovarian cancer)
MEN1 and MEN2 (endocrine neoplasia)
the hallmarks of families with a hereditary cancer syndrome include cancer in _______ -
ANSWER - two or more first-degree relatives
life style factors that could lead to cancer - ANSWER - -excessive sun exposure
-diet (fat, alcohol, etc)
-obesity
-insufficient physical activity
-tobacco use/exposure
dietary risk for cancer - ANSWER - fats, alcohol, salt-cured or smoked meats, nitrate-
nitrite containing foods, and red/processed meats
hormonal agents that are known to cause or promote cancer - ANSWER - -synthetic
estrogen/progesterone
-endogenous estrogen
-early onset of menses (before age 12)
-delayed onset of menopause (after 55)
-delayed childbirth (after 30)
T/F the more children you have the more likely a woman is to get breast cancer -
ANSWER - False; more kids=less likely
primary prevention includes - ANSWER - health promotion and risk reduction;
(immunizations)
secondary prevention includes - ANSWER - screening and early detection
vaccines are an example of _________ prevention - ANSWER - primary
Tumor staging determines - ANSWER - size and extent of local invasion/distant mets
, T/F TNM method is used for grading a tumor - ANSWER - False; staging
what numbers are involved with the TNM staging method - ANSWER - T (1-4)
N (1-3)
M (0-1)
Grading a tumor determines - ANSWER - type of tissue tumor originated and degree of
differentiation (does it match parent cell)
Most frequently used treatment method for cancer - ANSWER - surgery
biopsy used for small, easily accessible tumors of the skin, upper/lower GI, and upper
respiratory--often removes entire tumor - ANSWER - excisional biopsy
biopsy performed for large tumors to be removed--wedge of tissue is removed -
ANSWER - incisional biopsy
What type of surgery is used to treat cancer, and remove entire tumor as much as
possible - ANSWER - primary
This type of surgery involves removing non-vital tissues or organs that may be at
increased risk of developing cancer - ANSWER - prophylactic
This type of surgery is used to improve function or to obtain a desirable cosmetic effect -
ANSWER - reconstructive
most commonly used radiation therapy that has an invisible beam of highly charged
photons or gamma rays; - ANSWER - external beam radiation therapy (EBRT)
Localized radiation implanted inside the body; nurses should be aware of time,
distancing and shielding - ANSWER - internal radiation (brachytherapy)
T/F patients with internal radiation emit radiation while implant in place - ANSWER -
True
Protective measures for patients with internal radiation - ANSWER - private room,
posting notices, dosimeter, no pregnant women or children visitors/staff, limit visitors to
30 min, 6-foot distance for visitors
localized radiation therapy toxicity presents with - ANSWER - altered skin integrity
systemic radiation therapy toxicity presents with - ANSWER - fatigue, malaise, anorexia
T/F goal of chemo should be to completely eradicate tumor - ANSWER - False; not
really possible to eradicate 100%
200+ Questions & Answers (100% Accurate)
what physical agents are known to be carcinogenic - ANSWER - sunlight, radiation,
radon gas chronic irritation/inflammation, tobacco, industrial chemicals, asbestos
what chemical agents are known to be carcinogenic - ANSWER - tobacco smoke,
passive smoke, combustible tobacco forms (cigar, pipe, etc), smokeless tobacco,
chemicals in the workplace (pesticides, formaldehydes, arsenic, soot, wood dust, etc)
what genetic/familial factors are known to be carcinogenic - ANSWER - genes like
BRCA1 and BRCA2 (breast/ovarian cancer)
MEN1 and MEN2 (endocrine neoplasia)
the hallmarks of families with a hereditary cancer syndrome include cancer in _______ -
ANSWER - two or more first-degree relatives
life style factors that could lead to cancer - ANSWER - -excessive sun exposure
-diet (fat, alcohol, etc)
-obesity
-insufficient physical activity
-tobacco use/exposure
dietary risk for cancer - ANSWER - fats, alcohol, salt-cured or smoked meats, nitrate-
nitrite containing foods, and red/processed meats
hormonal agents that are known to cause or promote cancer - ANSWER - -synthetic
estrogen/progesterone
-endogenous estrogen
-early onset of menses (before age 12)
-delayed onset of menopause (after 55)
-delayed childbirth (after 30)
T/F the more children you have the more likely a woman is to get breast cancer -
ANSWER - False; more kids=less likely
primary prevention includes - ANSWER - health promotion and risk reduction;
(immunizations)
secondary prevention includes - ANSWER - screening and early detection
vaccines are an example of _________ prevention - ANSWER - primary
Tumor staging determines - ANSWER - size and extent of local invasion/distant mets
, T/F TNM method is used for grading a tumor - ANSWER - False; staging
what numbers are involved with the TNM staging method - ANSWER - T (1-4)
N (1-3)
M (0-1)
Grading a tumor determines - ANSWER - type of tissue tumor originated and degree of
differentiation (does it match parent cell)
Most frequently used treatment method for cancer - ANSWER - surgery
biopsy used for small, easily accessible tumors of the skin, upper/lower GI, and upper
respiratory--often removes entire tumor - ANSWER - excisional biopsy
biopsy performed for large tumors to be removed--wedge of tissue is removed -
ANSWER - incisional biopsy
What type of surgery is used to treat cancer, and remove entire tumor as much as
possible - ANSWER - primary
This type of surgery involves removing non-vital tissues or organs that may be at
increased risk of developing cancer - ANSWER - prophylactic
This type of surgery is used to improve function or to obtain a desirable cosmetic effect -
ANSWER - reconstructive
most commonly used radiation therapy that has an invisible beam of highly charged
photons or gamma rays; - ANSWER - external beam radiation therapy (EBRT)
Localized radiation implanted inside the body; nurses should be aware of time,
distancing and shielding - ANSWER - internal radiation (brachytherapy)
T/F patients with internal radiation emit radiation while implant in place - ANSWER -
True
Protective measures for patients with internal radiation - ANSWER - private room,
posting notices, dosimeter, no pregnant women or children visitors/staff, limit visitors to
30 min, 6-foot distance for visitors
localized radiation therapy toxicity presents with - ANSWER - altered skin integrity
systemic radiation therapy toxicity presents with - ANSWER - fatigue, malaise, anorexia
T/F goal of chemo should be to completely eradicate tumor - ANSWER - False; not
really possible to eradicate 100%
