Below is a comprehensive revision test covering multiple systems. Each section includes
sample multiple‐choice questions along with the rationale behind the correct answer. Use
these questions to self-assess your knowledge and deepen your understanding of the topics.
1. Dermatological
Question 1:
Which of the following is a classic feature of psoriasis?
A. Vesicular lesions with crusting
B. Silvery scales over erythematous plaques
C. Bullae formation
D. Hypopigmented patches
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psoriasis is characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous plaques covered with silvery
scales. These scales result from rapid epidermal turnover and abnormal keratinocyte differentiation.
Question 2:
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is most commonly involved in allergic contact dermatitis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type IV
D. Type III
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T
cells; it typically develops 24–72 hours after exposure to an allergen.
2. Cardiovascular and Hematology
Question 1:
Which of the following best describes the red blood cell morphology in iron deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytic, hyperchromic
B. Microcytic, hypochromic
C. Normocytic, normochromic
D. Spherocytic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia leads to reduced hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in microcytic (small),
hypochromic (pale) red blood cells.
, Question 2:
In chronic heart failure, which neurohormonal systems are activated as compensatory mechanisms?
A. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
B. Sympathetic Nervous System
C. Parasympathetic Nervous System
D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In heart failure, both the RAAS and the sympathetic nervous system are activated to maintain
cardiac output, though chronic activation can contribute to disease progression.
3. Oncology
Question 1:
Which tumor marker is commonly used in monitoring ovarian cancer?
A. CA-125
B. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
C. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
D. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CA-125 is frequently elevated in ovarian cancer and is used to help monitor disease
progression and response to treatment, despite its limitations in specificity.
Question 2:
What does the term “triple-negative” indicate in breast cancer?
A. Lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression
B. Presence of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors
C. Overexpression of all three receptors
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Triple-negative breast cancer lacks ER, PR, and HER2 receptors, which limits targeted therapy
options and often indicates a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
4. Renal and Urinary
Question 1:
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients?
A. Prerenal azotemia
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Postrenal obstruction
sample multiple‐choice questions along with the rationale behind the correct answer. Use
these questions to self-assess your knowledge and deepen your understanding of the topics.
1. Dermatological
Question 1:
Which of the following is a classic feature of psoriasis?
A. Vesicular lesions with crusting
B. Silvery scales over erythematous plaques
C. Bullae formation
D. Hypopigmented patches
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psoriasis is characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous plaques covered with silvery
scales. These scales result from rapid epidermal turnover and abnormal keratinocyte differentiation.
Question 2:
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is most commonly involved in allergic contact dermatitis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type IV
D. Type III
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T
cells; it typically develops 24–72 hours after exposure to an allergen.
2. Cardiovascular and Hematology
Question 1:
Which of the following best describes the red blood cell morphology in iron deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytic, hyperchromic
B. Microcytic, hypochromic
C. Normocytic, normochromic
D. Spherocytic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia leads to reduced hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in microcytic (small),
hypochromic (pale) red blood cells.
, Question 2:
In chronic heart failure, which neurohormonal systems are activated as compensatory mechanisms?
A. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
B. Sympathetic Nervous System
C. Parasympathetic Nervous System
D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In heart failure, both the RAAS and the sympathetic nervous system are activated to maintain
cardiac output, though chronic activation can contribute to disease progression.
3. Oncology
Question 1:
Which tumor marker is commonly used in monitoring ovarian cancer?
A. CA-125
B. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
C. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
D. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CA-125 is frequently elevated in ovarian cancer and is used to help monitor disease
progression and response to treatment, despite its limitations in specificity.
Question 2:
What does the term “triple-negative” indicate in breast cancer?
A. Lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression
B. Presence of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors
C. Overexpression of all three receptors
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Triple-negative breast cancer lacks ER, PR, and HER2 receptors, which limits targeted therapy
options and often indicates a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
4. Renal and Urinary
Question 1:
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients?
A. Prerenal azotemia
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Postrenal obstruction
