Rad Bio Final Exam with complete
solutions latest version
classic .radiation .effects .to .a .fetus .(3) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Lethal .effects:
.irradiation .during .implantation, .higher .doses; .death .occurs .prenatal .or .neonatal
- .Malformations: .irradiation .during .the .time .of .major .organogenesis
- .Growth .disturbance .without .malformation: .all .stages, .but .particularly .in .the
.latter .part .of .pregnancy
principle .factors .of .importance .regarding .radiation .effects .to .embryo/fetus .(4) .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-total .dose, .radiation .quality, .stage .of .gestation .or
.irradiation, .dose .rate
what .percent .of .fetal .malformation .occurs .in .the .absence .of .radiation? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-about .6%
stages .of .child .development .within .womb .(3) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
preimplantation, .organogenesis, .fetal .period
about .preimplantation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .most .sensitive .stage .to .letal
.effects, .high .incidence .of .prenatal .death .upon .radiation .exposure
- .embryo .grows .normally .if .it .survives
- .0-9 .days .gestation
about .organogenesis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .most .cells .are .undifferentiated
.and .highly .radiosensitive.
radiation .exposure .during .this .stage .produce .structural .anomalies: .threshold .of
.1 .Gy .at .any .stage .of .gestation.
- .death .likely .to .be .neonatal
- .10 .days .to .6 .weeks .gestation
what .is .the .threshold .dose .to .cause .growth .retardation .in .a .fetus/embryo? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-1 .Gy
about .fetal .period .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .(after .6 .weeks .in .humans) .radiation
.exposure .can .result .in .hematopoetic .effects .or .effects .to .liver .or .kidneys, .but
.large .doses .are .necessary .for .effects .and .lethality.
- .irradiation .early .in .fetal .period .causes .permanent .growth .retardation
.(temporary .in .embryonic .period)
- .gestation .of .6 .weeks .and .on
, human .effects .(japanese .study) .of .radiation .exposure .to .fetus/embryo .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-- .microcephaly .(smaller .head .diameter) .most .significant .0-
15 .weeks. .effect .proportional .to .dose, .no .threshold.
- .metal .retardation, .observed .between .8-25 .weeks, .linear .with .dose, .0.12-0.20
.Gy .threshold
NCRP .recommended .monthly .limit .to .embryo .or .fetus .once .pregnancy .is
.declared .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-0.5 .mSv
death .mechanism .of .heat .versus .radiation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-heat:
.apoptosis .(quick)
radiation: .subsequent .mitosis .due .to .DNA .damage
thermal .therapy .treatment .options .(3) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .cryotherapy: .<-50
.deg .C .for .more .than .10 .min
- .hyperthermia: .41-45 .deg .C .for .30 .min .- .1 .hr
- .thermal .ablation: .>50 .deg .C .for .>4-6 .min
cell .death .mechanism .for .cryotherapy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-freeze/thaw
.transition .disrupts .cell .membrane
cell .death .mechanism .for .hyperthermia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-radiosensitizer,
.chemosensitizer, .increasing .metabolic .activity .and .perfusion
cell .death .mechanism .for .thermal .ablation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-protein
.denaturization, .necrosis, .coagulation
temperature .threshold .of .cell .kill .in .hyperthermia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-43 .deg
.C. .sensitivity .changed .by .pH .(acidic .pH .and .nutrient .deficient .cells .are .more
.sensitive .to .heat)
normal .tissue .and .tumor .vasculature .responses .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .normal
.tissue .vasculature .is .able .to .dilate .and .carry .heat .away
- .tumor .vasculature .is .often .malformed .and .heat .is .unable .to .be .carried .away
.as .well
cells .in .the .___ .phase .of .the .cell .cycle .are .most .sensitive .to .heat
.(hyperthermia) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-S .phase
hyperthermia .+ .radiation .synergistic .effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .heat .kills .S
.phase .cells, .radiation .kills .G/M .phase .cells
- .heat .kills .hypoxic .cells, .radiation .kills .oxic .cells
- .heat .inhibits .single .strand .DNA .repair .and .chromosome .aberration .repair
.following .radiation
uncertainty .in .hypothermic .treatments .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-it's .very .difficult .to
.measure .the .dose .of .heat .being .given .accurately.
- .tumor .vasculature .uneven
solutions latest version
classic .radiation .effects .to .a .fetus .(3) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Lethal .effects:
.irradiation .during .implantation, .higher .doses; .death .occurs .prenatal .or .neonatal
- .Malformations: .irradiation .during .the .time .of .major .organogenesis
- .Growth .disturbance .without .malformation: .all .stages, .but .particularly .in .the
.latter .part .of .pregnancy
principle .factors .of .importance .regarding .radiation .effects .to .embryo/fetus .(4) .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-total .dose, .radiation .quality, .stage .of .gestation .or
.irradiation, .dose .rate
what .percent .of .fetal .malformation .occurs .in .the .absence .of .radiation? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-about .6%
stages .of .child .development .within .womb .(3) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
preimplantation, .organogenesis, .fetal .period
about .preimplantation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .most .sensitive .stage .to .letal
.effects, .high .incidence .of .prenatal .death .upon .radiation .exposure
- .embryo .grows .normally .if .it .survives
- .0-9 .days .gestation
about .organogenesis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .most .cells .are .undifferentiated
.and .highly .radiosensitive.
radiation .exposure .during .this .stage .produce .structural .anomalies: .threshold .of
.1 .Gy .at .any .stage .of .gestation.
- .death .likely .to .be .neonatal
- .10 .days .to .6 .weeks .gestation
what .is .the .threshold .dose .to .cause .growth .retardation .in .a .fetus/embryo? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-1 .Gy
about .fetal .period .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .(after .6 .weeks .in .humans) .radiation
.exposure .can .result .in .hematopoetic .effects .or .effects .to .liver .or .kidneys, .but
.large .doses .are .necessary .for .effects .and .lethality.
- .irradiation .early .in .fetal .period .causes .permanent .growth .retardation
.(temporary .in .embryonic .period)
- .gestation .of .6 .weeks .and .on
, human .effects .(japanese .study) .of .radiation .exposure .to .fetus/embryo .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-- .microcephaly .(smaller .head .diameter) .most .significant .0-
15 .weeks. .effect .proportional .to .dose, .no .threshold.
- .metal .retardation, .observed .between .8-25 .weeks, .linear .with .dose, .0.12-0.20
.Gy .threshold
NCRP .recommended .monthly .limit .to .embryo .or .fetus .once .pregnancy .is
.declared .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-0.5 .mSv
death .mechanism .of .heat .versus .radiation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-heat:
.apoptosis .(quick)
radiation: .subsequent .mitosis .due .to .DNA .damage
thermal .therapy .treatment .options .(3) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .cryotherapy: .<-50
.deg .C .for .more .than .10 .min
- .hyperthermia: .41-45 .deg .C .for .30 .min .- .1 .hr
- .thermal .ablation: .>50 .deg .C .for .>4-6 .min
cell .death .mechanism .for .cryotherapy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-freeze/thaw
.transition .disrupts .cell .membrane
cell .death .mechanism .for .hyperthermia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-radiosensitizer,
.chemosensitizer, .increasing .metabolic .activity .and .perfusion
cell .death .mechanism .for .thermal .ablation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-protein
.denaturization, .necrosis, .coagulation
temperature .threshold .of .cell .kill .in .hyperthermia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-43 .deg
.C. .sensitivity .changed .by .pH .(acidic .pH .and .nutrient .deficient .cells .are .more
.sensitive .to .heat)
normal .tissue .and .tumor .vasculature .responses .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .normal
.tissue .vasculature .is .able .to .dilate .and .carry .heat .away
- .tumor .vasculature .is .often .malformed .and .heat .is .unable .to .be .carried .away
.as .well
cells .in .the .___ .phase .of .the .cell .cycle .are .most .sensitive .to .heat
.(hyperthermia) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-S .phase
hyperthermia .+ .radiation .synergistic .effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .heat .kills .S
.phase .cells, .radiation .kills .G/M .phase .cells
- .heat .kills .hypoxic .cells, .radiation .kills .oxic .cells
- .heat .inhibits .single .strand .DNA .repair .and .chromosome .aberration .repair
.following .radiation
uncertainty .in .hypothermic .treatments .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-it's .very .difficult .to
.measure .the .dose .of .heat .being .given .accurately.
- .tumor .vasculature .uneven
