PSYC-140 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
Your Exam Plug
,longitudinal study design - Answer: following individuals over a long period of time with multiple
assessment points
cross-sectional study - Answer: comparing different age groups at the same time
naturalistic observation - Answer: research method in which one observes a subject outside of a
research setting
case study - Answer: research method involving a direct observation of a patient; interviewing in great
detail
study/interview - Answer: research method in which surveys administered anonymously or asked in and
interview format in-person
correlational research - Answer: research method of seeing how two variables relate; looking at strength
and direction of relationship
experiments - Answer: research method in which you tightly control the variables, setting, and
participants which manipulating one factor believed to have influence.
Hawthorne effect - Answer: A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being
studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? - Answer: - naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests - Answer: ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus
sampling (CVA)
,ultrasound - Answer: prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds to create an image
of the baby
amniocentesis - Answer: Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of the amniotic sac to
withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Answer: Prenatal diagnostic technique in which a small sample of the
fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in
the fetus.
what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? - Answer: passive, evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction - Answer: parents provide genetic disposition and nurturing
context to foster certain qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction - Answer: parents provide genetic predisposition for a child
to evoke certain reactions in others that will influence their development
active genotype-environment interaction - Answer: parents provide genetic predisposition that results in
a child actively seeking out environmental conditions that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development - Answer: germinal, embryonic, and fetal
germinal period - Answer: week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period - Answer: week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period - Answer: month 2-9
major growth and development
, teratogens - Answer: agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? - Answer: - gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin? - Answer: Around week 3 through week 8
why is stress a teratogen? - Answer: stress causes blood to be directed away from fetus and towards
mother's brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and increase fetal HR
why is cognitive development more susceptible? - Answer: brain develops all throughout pregnancy
what are the three phases of childbirth? - Answer: - early & active labor
- delivery of baby
- delivery of the placenta
early labor and active labor - Answer: - longest stage
- starts at onset of true labor
- ends when cervix completely dilated
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
- amniotic sac may rupture
delivery of baby - Answer: - begins when cervix dilated
- 20 min-2 hrs
delivery of placenta - Answer: - 5-10 min
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
Your Exam Plug
,longitudinal study design - Answer: following individuals over a long period of time with multiple
assessment points
cross-sectional study - Answer: comparing different age groups at the same time
naturalistic observation - Answer: research method in which one observes a subject outside of a
research setting
case study - Answer: research method involving a direct observation of a patient; interviewing in great
detail
study/interview - Answer: research method in which surveys administered anonymously or asked in and
interview format in-person
correlational research - Answer: research method of seeing how two variables relate; looking at strength
and direction of relationship
experiments - Answer: research method in which you tightly control the variables, setting, and
participants which manipulating one factor believed to have influence.
Hawthorne effect - Answer: A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being
studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? - Answer: - naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests - Answer: ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus
sampling (CVA)
,ultrasound - Answer: prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency sounds to create an image
of the baby
amniocentesis - Answer: Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle puncture of the amniotic sac to
withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Answer: Prenatal diagnostic technique in which a small sample of the
fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in
the fetus.
what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? - Answer: passive, evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction - Answer: parents provide genetic disposition and nurturing
context to foster certain qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction - Answer: parents provide genetic predisposition for a child
to evoke certain reactions in others that will influence their development
active genotype-environment interaction - Answer: parents provide genetic predisposition that results in
a child actively seeking out environmental conditions that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development - Answer: germinal, embryonic, and fetal
germinal period - Answer: week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period - Answer: week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period - Answer: month 2-9
major growth and development
, teratogens - Answer: agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? - Answer: - gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin? - Answer: Around week 3 through week 8
why is stress a teratogen? - Answer: stress causes blood to be directed away from fetus and towards
mother's brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and increase fetal HR
why is cognitive development more susceptible? - Answer: brain develops all throughout pregnancy
what are the three phases of childbirth? - Answer: - early & active labor
- delivery of baby
- delivery of the placenta
early labor and active labor - Answer: - longest stage
- starts at onset of true labor
- ends when cervix completely dilated
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between
- amniotic sac may rupture
delivery of baby - Answer: - begins when cervix dilated
- 20 min-2 hrs
delivery of placenta - Answer: - 5-10 min
