AHA PALS POST TEST
1. What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1-rescuer infantCPR?: Give 30
compressions to 2 breaths
2. A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother.He is lethargic,
with retractions and nasal flaring. He has a respiratory rate of 70/min, with warm extremities
and brisk capillary refill. Which immediate
life-threatening condition could this child's condition most likely progress to if left untreated?:
Respiratory failure
3. You are evaluating a 10-year-old child who is febrile and tachycardic. The child's capillary
refill time is 5 seconds. What parameter will determine if the child is in compensated shock?:
Blood pressure
4. An 18-month old has had vomiting and diarrhea for the past 2 days; themother brings him
to the emergency department because he is becoming more lethargic. What diagnostic test
should you order first?: Blood glucose
5. You are caring for a 3-month-old boy with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting,and diarrhea.
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His heartrate is 190/min, temperature is
38.3°C (101°F), blood pressure is 59/29 mm Hg,respiratory rate is 70/min and shallow, and
oxygen saturation is 94% on 100%oxygen. His capillary refill time is 4 to 5 seconds, and he
has mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 kg. What assessment finding indicates that
the infant has hypotensive shock?: Blood pressure
6. You are caring for a 3-month-old boy with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting,and diarrhea.
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His heartrate is 190/min, temperature is
38.3°C (101°F), blood pressure is 59/29 mm Hg,respiratory rate is 70/min and shallow, and
oxygen saturation is 94% on 100%oxygen. His capillary refill time is 4 to 5 seconds, and he
has mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 kg. On the basis of this infant's presentation,
what type of shock does this infant have?: Hypovolemic
7. You are caring for a 3-month-old boy with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting,and diarrhea.
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His heartrate is 190/min, temperature is
38.3°C (101°F), blood pressure is 59/29 mm Hg,respiratory rate is 70/min and shallow, and
oxygen saturation is 94% on 100%oxygen. His capillary refill time is 4 to 5 seconds, and he
has mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 kg. You have decided that this infant needs
fluid resuscitation. How much fluid should you administer?: 20 mL/kg normalsaline
8. What abnormality helps identify children with acute respiratory distresscaused by lung
tissue disease?: Crackles
9. You are caring for a 9-month-old girl who has increased work of breathing,a fever, and a
cough. On assessment, you find an alert infant with stridor
and retractions. The infant's Sp O2 is 94%. On auscultation, the lungs areclear bilaterally.
What is the most likely cause of this infant's respiratory distress?: Upper airway obstruction
10. You are caring for a 9-month-old girl who has increased work of breathing,a fever, and a
, cough. On assessment, you find an alert infant with stridor
and retractions. The infant's Sp O2 is 94%. On auscultation, the lungs are clear bilaterally.
What medication should you administer first?: Epinephrine,nebulized
11. What condition is characterized by a prolonged expiratory phase andwheezing?: Lower
airway obstruction
12. A 5-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by ambulanceafter being
involved in a motor vehicle collision. You are using the primary assessment to evaluate the
child. When assessing the child's neurologic status, you note that he has spontaneous eye
opening, is fully oriented, and isable to follow commands. How would you document this
child's AVPU (Alert,Voice, Painful, Unresponsive) Pediatric Response Scale finding?: Alert
13. A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department for seizures. The seizures
stopped a few minutes ago, but the child continues to have slow and irregular respirations.
What condition is most consistent with yourassessment?: Disordered control of breathing
14. You are evaluating a 1-year-old child for respiratory distress. His heart rate is 168/min,
and his respiratory rate has decreased from 65/min to 30/min.He now appears more lethargic
and continues to have severe subcostal retractions. On the basis of your assessment, what is
the most likely reason for this change in the child's condition?: The child has signs of respiratory
failure.
15. A 7-year-old child in cardiac arrest is brought to the emergency departmentby ambulance.
No palpable pulses are detected. The child's ECG is shown here. How would you characterize
this child's rhythm?: Pulseless electrical activity
16. After rectal administration of diazepam, an 8-year-old boy with a history of seizures is
now unresponsive to painful stimulation. His respirations are shallow, at a rate of 10/min. His
oxygen saturation is 94% on 2 L/min of nasalcannula oxygen. On examination, the child is
snoring with poor chest rise andpoor air entry bilaterally. What action should you take next?:
Reposition the patient and insert an oral airway
17. After rectal administration of diazepam, an 8-year-old boy with a history of seizures is
now unresponsive to painful stimulation. His respirations are shallow, at a rate of 10/min. His
oxygen saturation is 94% on 2 L/min of nasalcannula oxygen. On examination, the child is
snoring with poor chest rise andpoor air entry bilaterally. If the patient continues to snore and
exhibit poor chest rise and poor air entry bilaterally after your initial intervention, what nextstep
is most appropriate?: Provide bag-mask ventilation
18. You are performing the airway component of the primary assessment. What finding
would lead you to conclude that the child has an upper airwayobstruction?: Inspiratory stridor
19. In management of post-cardiac arrest patients, extra care should be takento avoid
reperfusion injury. What should the ideal oxygen saturation range most likely be?: 94% to
99%
20. You are caring for a 12-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She is
responsive, but she does not feel well and appears to be flushed. Her temperature is 39°C
(102.2°F), heart rate is 118/min, respiratory rate is 36/min,blood pressure is 100/40 mm Hg,
and oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. Your assessment reveals mild increase in work of
1. What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1-rescuer infantCPR?: Give 30
compressions to 2 breaths
2. A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother.He is lethargic,
with retractions and nasal flaring. He has a respiratory rate of 70/min, with warm extremities
and brisk capillary refill. Which immediate
life-threatening condition could this child's condition most likely progress to if left untreated?:
Respiratory failure
3. You are evaluating a 10-year-old child who is febrile and tachycardic. The child's capillary
refill time is 5 seconds. What parameter will determine if the child is in compensated shock?:
Blood pressure
4. An 18-month old has had vomiting and diarrhea for the past 2 days; themother brings him
to the emergency department because he is becoming more lethargic. What diagnostic test
should you order first?: Blood glucose
5. You are caring for a 3-month-old boy with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting,and diarrhea.
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His heartrate is 190/min, temperature is
38.3°C (101°F), blood pressure is 59/29 mm Hg,respiratory rate is 70/min and shallow, and
oxygen saturation is 94% on 100%oxygen. His capillary refill time is 4 to 5 seconds, and he
has mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 kg. What assessment finding indicates that
the infant has hypotensive shock?: Blood pressure
6. You are caring for a 3-month-old boy with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting,and diarrhea.
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His heartrate is 190/min, temperature is
38.3°C (101°F), blood pressure is 59/29 mm Hg,respiratory rate is 70/min and shallow, and
oxygen saturation is 94% on 100%oxygen. His capillary refill time is 4 to 5 seconds, and he
has mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 kg. On the basis of this infant's presentation,
what type of shock does this infant have?: Hypovolemic
7. You are caring for a 3-month-old boy with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting,and diarrhea.
His parents state that he has been sleeping much more. His heartrate is 190/min, temperature is
38.3°C (101°F), blood pressure is 59/29 mm Hg,respiratory rate is 70/min and shallow, and
oxygen saturation is 94% on 100%oxygen. His capillary refill time is 4 to 5 seconds, and he
has mottled, cool extremities. The infant weighs 6 kg. You have decided that this infant needs
fluid resuscitation. How much fluid should you administer?: 20 mL/kg normalsaline
8. What abnormality helps identify children with acute respiratory distresscaused by lung
tissue disease?: Crackles
9. You are caring for a 9-month-old girl who has increased work of breathing,a fever, and a
cough. On assessment, you find an alert infant with stridor
and retractions. The infant's Sp O2 is 94%. On auscultation, the lungs areclear bilaterally.
What is the most likely cause of this infant's respiratory distress?: Upper airway obstruction
10. You are caring for a 9-month-old girl who has increased work of breathing,a fever, and a
, cough. On assessment, you find an alert infant with stridor
and retractions. The infant's Sp O2 is 94%. On auscultation, the lungs are clear bilaterally.
What medication should you administer first?: Epinephrine,nebulized
11. What condition is characterized by a prolonged expiratory phase andwheezing?: Lower
airway obstruction
12. A 5-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by ambulanceafter being
involved in a motor vehicle collision. You are using the primary assessment to evaluate the
child. When assessing the child's neurologic status, you note that he has spontaneous eye
opening, is fully oriented, and isable to follow commands. How would you document this
child's AVPU (Alert,Voice, Painful, Unresponsive) Pediatric Response Scale finding?: Alert
13. A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department for seizures. The seizures
stopped a few minutes ago, but the child continues to have slow and irregular respirations.
What condition is most consistent with yourassessment?: Disordered control of breathing
14. You are evaluating a 1-year-old child for respiratory distress. His heart rate is 168/min,
and his respiratory rate has decreased from 65/min to 30/min.He now appears more lethargic
and continues to have severe subcostal retractions. On the basis of your assessment, what is
the most likely reason for this change in the child's condition?: The child has signs of respiratory
failure.
15. A 7-year-old child in cardiac arrest is brought to the emergency departmentby ambulance.
No palpable pulses are detected. The child's ECG is shown here. How would you characterize
this child's rhythm?: Pulseless electrical activity
16. After rectal administration of diazepam, an 8-year-old boy with a history of seizures is
now unresponsive to painful stimulation. His respirations are shallow, at a rate of 10/min. His
oxygen saturation is 94% on 2 L/min of nasalcannula oxygen. On examination, the child is
snoring with poor chest rise andpoor air entry bilaterally. What action should you take next?:
Reposition the patient and insert an oral airway
17. After rectal administration of diazepam, an 8-year-old boy with a history of seizures is
now unresponsive to painful stimulation. His respirations are shallow, at a rate of 10/min. His
oxygen saturation is 94% on 2 L/min of nasalcannula oxygen. On examination, the child is
snoring with poor chest rise andpoor air entry bilaterally. If the patient continues to snore and
exhibit poor chest rise and poor air entry bilaterally after your initial intervention, what nextstep
is most appropriate?: Provide bag-mask ventilation
18. You are performing the airway component of the primary assessment. What finding
would lead you to conclude that the child has an upper airwayobstruction?: Inspiratory stridor
19. In management of post-cardiac arrest patients, extra care should be takento avoid
reperfusion injury. What should the ideal oxygen saturation range most likely be?: 94% to
99%
20. You are caring for a 12-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She is
responsive, but she does not feel well and appears to be flushed. Her temperature is 39°C
(102.2°F), heart rate is 118/min, respiratory rate is 36/min,blood pressure is 100/40 mm Hg,
and oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. Your assessment reveals mild increase in work of
